英语语法总结归纳 第1篇

(一)被动语态

动词的语态主要分为两种：主动语态与被动语态主动语态指主语是谓语功作的执行者，则为主动关系。被动语态指主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被功关系。

I have done the job.(主动句)

The job has been done.(被动句)

1.被动语态根据时态的不同，可分为以下几种类型：

一般现在时：am/is/are+done;

一般过去时：was/were+done

现在进行时：am/is/are+being done

过去进行时：was/were+being done

将来时 ：will/would+be done,be going to be done, be to be done

现在完成时：have/has +been done

过去完成时：had+been done

将来完成时：will+have been done

2被动语态门主功语态一样具有不同时态，其时态的变化取决于时间状语，其时态的变化形式由其助动词be的事态变化形式来体现

The house is being painted now.(现在进行时被动语态)

Eru0ugh has been said to him about it.(现在完成时被动语态)

The furniture was bought last week..(过去时被动语态)

Youll be punished one day.(将来时被动语态)

3.被动语态的意义

(1)不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者(无须加buy短语)

Colour TV sets are sold in that shop.

Football is plated all over the world.

(2)突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。

History is made by the people.

The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people.

(3)有时主语较长，可后置。

Its said that we have won the game.

4.在使役动词makr及感官动词see ，hear….等动词的被动语态形式后面出现的作主语补足语的不定式须加不定式符号“to“

The teacher made Tom answer it again.(主动语态，不加“to” )

Tom was made to answer it again.(被动语态，加“to“ )

5.短语动词的被动语态要注意不可丢失其附加的介词、副词或短语。

look at，laugh at，send for，call on，carry out， listen to，take care of ,make use of,depend on，pay attention to，hand in，put on，look up，give up〕等.

6. be+过去分词可以是被动语态形式，也可以是系表结构形式。区别是，系表结构表示主语状态或特征，不带by短语;而被动语态是表示主语的一个被动动作，可以带by短语。

The job was well done.(系表结构)

The job was well done by a skilled worker.(被动语态)

The composition is well written.(系表结构)

The composition is written with great care;.(被动语态)

7.原来主动语态中的宾语如果是从句，变为被动语态时，要用形式主语it.

It has been known to him that many friends will come to see him.

It is said that this book has been translated into several languages.

8.有一些动词不能用被动语态。

break out，take place，happen，belong to，cost，suit，fit，have，let, wear, weigh. suffer, pass, kill the time, enter, last, meet(遇见)，join(参加)，fail等

9.宾语为反身代词时，不用被动语态，只用主动语态形式。

The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.

10.有些动词或情态动词常用所接的不定式来表示被动意义。

如：happen，pretend，seem，used to，ought to，appear等。

The house used to be painted white.

The job has to be done before dark.

On the way we happened to be caught in the rain.

11.有些动名词在want, need, require和介词worth后形式为主动，意义为被动。

12.有些动词用主动形式来表示被动意义xxx：clean, sell,look，lock，open，write，read，wash,feel等。

This kind of cloth washes xxxily.

These books sell well.(好卖)

The door doesnt lock.

The door cant open.

This pen writes very well.

13.除助动词be可以构成被动语态外，get, become等词也可以+过去分词构成被动意义。

She was unhappy because she didnt get invited to the party.

(。)主谓一致。

主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致，句子的主语是第三人称单数，其谓语动词须用单数，主语是复数，则谓语动词用复数。

1.主谓一致的三个原则。

英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。

(1)语法一致原则：

主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也应采取单数形式;主语是复数形式，谓语动词也应采取复数形式。

She is a girl.她是女孩。

They are all girls.她们都是女孩。

The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures.

这位教授兼作家被邀请到很多大学作报告。

(教授与作家是同一个人，是单数.)

The old are very well taken care of in our city.老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。( the old指所有的老年人，指一类人，为复数概念。)

(2)就近原则：

谓语动词的人称和数由靠近它的主语决定。

There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk.

书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。

There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk.

书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。

Either my sisters or my mother is coming.

不是我的姐妹们就是我的妈妈要来。

(3)意义一致原则：

主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式;或主语形式上是复数，但表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式。

The police are still running after the murderer.

警察还在追_。

The news was very exciting.

这则新闻令人激动。

My family were watching TV at 7 oclock.

7点钟的时候，我们全家人在看电视。

My family has moved three times.我们家搬过三次。

2.主谓一致的应用。

(1)单一主语的情况。

单一主语指的是由一个中心名词或名词短语构成的主语，其主语与谓语的一致情况如下：

①不定代词作主语

a.不定代词either, neither, each, one, the other, another,someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数、

b. none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词单复数形式皆可;如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。

Jimmy has used up all the money. None is left.

吉米把所有的钱都用光了，一点没留。

c. neither/either of+复数名词或复数形式的代词，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。

Neither of these words is correct.

这些单词没有一个是正确的。

d. the other two(…)，the other three(…)another two( ... ) , both等作主语时谓语动词用复数、

Five people came to help，but another three were still needed.

已经有五个人来帮忙了，但我们还需要三个

e. all指人时作主语，谓语动词用复数;指全部事情时，谓语动词常用单数‘

All the work was finished.

所有的活都干完了

All is going well一切都很正常.

f.在each… . and each，every….and every，no….and no,many a. . . and many a等由and连接并列单数主语的结构中，谓语动词用单数、

Each boy and each girl has got a seat.

每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位.

Every man and everv woman is at work.

每个男人和女人都在工作.

No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.

很长时间没有听到一点声音

Every boy and every girl likes the film star.

所有的男孩和女孩都喜欢这个电影明星

g. such山作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意义而定、

Such is Stephen Hawking，who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.

这就是xxx霍金，遭受着巨大痛苦而作出巨大成就的人。

Such as have plenty of money want more money.

那些有足够钱的人还想要更多的钱。

②集合名词作主语

a.有些集体名词，如people, cattle, police等形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词需用复数。

People are talking about the accident happened yesterday.

人们还在谈论昨天发生的那场事故。

b.集合名词，如audience(观众)，army, class, crew船员)，company(公司)，crowd(人群)，enemy, family, group, government(政府)，public (公众)，population(人口),team(队员)等作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数;若着眼于组成该集体的一个个成员或个体时，谓语就该用复数。

The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural arxxx.

中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。

c. 有些以-sh, -ese , -ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数如the xxxlish, the Chinese，the French等

The xxxlish are a polite people.英国是一个礼仪之邦。

③以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语

a.以一ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时，谓语用单数.

Politics is taught in our school.

我们学校开设政治课。

b.专有名词如国名、人名、书名、组织机构等作主语，形式上即使是复数，谓语动词也要用单数，如the United Nations, the United States，the New York Times等。

Lu Xuns works sells well. xxx的著作很畅销。

c.有些名词如。arnings, thanks, goods, leavings(残渣，剩余)，clothes, trousers, belongings(财产)，savings, scissor，等作主语，其谓语动词只能用复数形式

The family were saved but the belongings were lost.

这一家人获救，但损失了所有财产。

d. means , sheep , (leer, crossroad、等单复数同形的名词作主语，谓语动词根据其单复数而定

Each means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.

每一种方法都试过，但没有一个是有效的。

④含有修饰语的名词作主语

a一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers , pants, glasses, scissgrs等作主语，前面若无a pair of, a suit of, a set of, a series of等这类单位词，通常作复数用，谓语动词作复数。若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

My shoes are under the bed.我的鞋在床下。

His black trousers are too long.他的那条黑裤子太长了。

Your glasses are on your nose.你的眼镜在鼻子上。

但若这类名词与a pair连用时，谓语动词往往用单数。

This pair of shoes is made in Beijing.这双鞋子是北京制造的。

There is a pair of glasses on your bed.你的床上有副眼镜。

b. a number ofxxx“许多”，修饰可数名词复数时谓语一般也用复数：the number ofxxx“……的数目”，作主语时，谓语只能用单数

A number of the other plants were found in America.

在美洲还发现了许多别的植物。

The number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before.

在中国乘飞机旅行的人数比以往多了。

c.只修饰可数名词的量词several, a few, few, quite a few, a great manv(of...)作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式;其修饰的名词作主语、谓语动词也应用复数形式

Usually few regard their work as a plxxxure. 通常很少有人把工作当成娱乐。

d. some, plenty of, a lot ( of) , lots( of)等词既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，谓语的形式应根据所修饰词而定、

A lot of students are coming to the meeting.

很多学生要来参加这次会议。

A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.

为了准备会议，还有很多工作要做。

〔注意」a quantity( of) , ( large )quantities( of)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词应根据quantity的单复数形式而定。

Quantities of money are needed to equip the school.

学校安装设备需要很多钱。

A quantity of story books has been bought for the children.

为孩子们买了大量的故事书：

e. a great/ good deal( of)，a little，quite a little，a large amount( of)等修饰不可数名词的量词作主语或修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词只能用单数形式

A great deal of time was wasted playing but ought to have been fully used.

很多时间在玩耍中浪费掉了，但本应好好利用的

f. ”more than one十单数名词”尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语也必须用单数以符合语法一致的原则在“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语常用复数.

More than one person was injured in the accident.

不止一人在这次事故中受伤-

More members than one are against the proposal.

反对这项提议的会员不止一个

g. “one or two +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数

One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午有一两个学生在植树

h.表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词与pass, go by，waste, use, spend等词连用时，谓语动词用复数

Five years have passed since I joined the Party.我入党五年了

i. one or two 后接复数名词，谓语要用复数但在“a/an十单数名词+or two”结构之后，谓语却常用单数

One or two days are enough for this work.=A day or two is enough for this work.

干这活一两天就够了

j. the rest(of…)，the remaining，part(of...)，one half( of…)等词或短语作主语和它们所修饰的名词或代词作主语，谓语动词应根据主语所表达的单复数而定

Part of his story was not true.他讲的故事有一部分不是真的。

Part of the foreign teachers in our school are from Canada.我们学校一部分外籍教师来自加拿大.

k.当“几分之几(百分之几)+ of+名词”结构作主语时，一般也应根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数”one and a half +复数可数名词”作主语，谓语一般用单数.

This is because two thirds of the earths surface is made up of vast oceans.

这是因为地球表面积的2/3是由广阔的海洋构成的

Two thirds of these tasks have been completed.

这些任务已经完成了三分之。

One and a half days is all I can spare.

我只能抽出一天半的时间

It is reported that in this area one in four people suffers from lung cancer.

据报道在此地区有四分之一的人患肺癌(一般情况下，one in ten作主语和其修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式)

(2)非谓语形式、从句作主语

①单独的不定式、动词的一ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式：如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式;如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数

Persuading him to join us seems really hard.

劝他加入我们似乎很难。

To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.

早睡早起是好习惯。

To work and to live are two different things but they are always together.

虽然工作和生活是两件不同的事情，但是它们永远相伴 。

②that，what，who，which，xxxn，xxxre，why，whatever, whoever,whichever, xxxnever, xxxreve：等引导的从句作主语或单独引导疑问句时，应根据概念上一致的原则决定谓语动词的数

“That .lack has gone abroad makes us all surprised.

杰克出国去了使我们都很惊讶

Who is Abraham Lincoln?xxx是谁?

Who are talking with each other?谁在相互讨论?

(3)以并列结构作主语的主谓一致

① and及both... and...

a. 一般来说，两个单数主语用and连接起来，表示两个不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数;但如果两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一个人、同一个事物或同一个概念，谓语动词必须用单数

A smile and handshake show welcome.微笑和握手表示欢迎

The poet and writer has produced many works.这个诗人兼作家写出很多作品、

b.并列主语由or, either.. . or. . . , neither... nor. . . , not only…but also…连接时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语保持人称、数的一致

Either the teacher or the students are to blame. 或者是老师，或者是学生要受到责备

Not only the students but also their teacher doesnt know about it.

不仅仅是学生，还有他们的老师都对此一无所知_

Neither you nor I am fit for the work.

你和我都不适合干这个工作-

Are neither you nor I fit for the work?

你和我都不适合干这个工作吗?

(4)假性主语的主谓一致

with,together with(连同)，along with(和一起)，as wellas(也)，like(诸如)，such as(诸如)，as much as, no less than(和一样)，rather than(而不是)，including, besides, but,except, in addition以除……之外)等短语后的主语称为假性主语，谓语动词仍然根据原主语而定，不跟假性主语一致。

The boy with his dog is here.

这个男孩在这儿，还有他的狗

No one but your parents was there then.

那时，除了你的父母没有别人在那里

Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon.

汤姆今天下午要和玛丽及艾丽丝去游泳

The teacher，including his students，is going to see Professor Smith.

那位老师和他的学生们将去看望xxx教授、

(5)由there , here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致、

There is a lake and some hills around it.

它被一个湖和几座刁、山环绕着、

(6)定语从句中的谓语动词应视先行词的单复数而定，先行词是单数，定语从句中的谓语动词也用单数，先行词是复数，定语从句中的谓语动词也用复数

Those(people)who are for this plan are to sign your nameright on this paper.

同意这个计划的在这张纸上签名

I will always trxxxure the moments that were full of plxxxures.

我将永远珍惜充满欢乐的时光：

The news that has been published in todays newspaper isnt true.

今天报纸上发布的新闻不是真的。

(7)在倒装句中谓语应与后面的主语保持一致。

On the wall hang some pictures by Picasso.

墙上挂着一些_的画。

(8)运算数词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Three times five is fifteen. 3乘5等于15

Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。

Seven times four makes twenty-eight. 7乘4等于?g

(9)表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。

One and a half bananas is left on the table.

桌子上还剩有一个半香蕉。

One and a half hours is enough一个半小时足够了。

六、知识*能力聚焦

1. off prep.&adv.离开，分开

(1)prep.

The hall rolled off the table.球从桌上滚落

Keep off the grass.勿践踏草地

He entered a big house off the high street. 他进入了一所离大街不远的大房子。

The ship sank off Cape Horn. 这艘轮船在合恩角外沉没了

(2)adv.

The town is still five miles off%amaN. 那小镇尚在五英里之外-

We are still some way off.

我们仍有一段距离(如距目的地)要走

Plxxxe tell them that the meeting is olf

请告诉他们会议已经取消了。

〔常用短语〕

take sth. off sth. 扣除，减去

fall off 跌落

knock sth. off sth.把某物从另一物上.放掉

wipe sth. off sth. 把某物从另一物上擦掉

along the coast 沿着海岸

off the coast 海岸外/在海上

on the coast海岸上/在海岸

The British Isles are a group of islands that lies off the west coast of Europe.

不列颠群岛是一组位于欧洲西海岸不远处的岛屿

Wuhan lies on the Chanjiang River.

武汉位于长江边

2. face n.脸vt.转向，面向

(1)n.

Judging from his worried face，we knew that he must have had some trouble.

从他焦急的脸色判断，我们知道他肯定有麻烦了.

(2)vt.

-How does the house face?这房屋面朝哪边?

-It faces ( to the ) xxxt.朝东。

I was faced with new problem.我面临着新的M题

〔常用短语〕

in( the) face of不顾(问题、困难等)

lose ones face失面子，丢脸

fight in the face xxx然反抗

face the music 由于自己的决定或行为而接受批评或承担后果

3. range n. &vt.

(1)n.山脉，视觉(听觉)范围(区域)，射程

There is a magnificent range of mountains in the borderland. 在边境地带有连绵不断的雄伟山脉。

The tree is within range of vision.这棵树在视野之内

( 2 ) vt.(在一定范围内)变化，排列

The prices of the dolls range from$5 to$100. 这些布娃娃的价格从5美元到100美元不等

The discussion ranged over various problems. 这次讨论涉及了种种问题

4. design n.. &v.

( 1 )n. 图样，设计，图案;目的，意向

This is a design for the garden.

这是那座花园的设计图

We dont know if it was done by accident or by design.

我们不知道那是偶然的，还是故意的。

His evil designs were frustrated.

他的罪恶意图未能得逞

(2) v.设计，控制

She is designing dresses for the singer.

她在为这位歌手设计服装

He designed a plot for tits new novel.

他为他的新小说拟定情节

This weekend party iNas designed to bring the two musicians together.

这次周末聚会的用意是使两位音乐家见面

〔常用短语〕

by design故意地，蓄意地;

have designs on/against对…… 抱不良企图，图谋加害于;

design stfi. for sb. /sth.设计，制图，构思

5. influence n.&v.

( 1 )n. 影响，支配，作用

the influence of the moon on the tides 月球对潮汐的作用

These so-called friends of hers have a bad influence on her. 她那些所谓的朋友对她影响很坏

He has a strange influence over the girl. 他对这个女孩子有一种奇妙的影响

Her influence made me a better person. 受她的影响，我变好了

(2) v. 影响，感化

The rice crops will be influenced by the weather. 稻谷的收成将受到气候的影响

It is clear that her paintings have been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受到_的影响

What influenced you to behave like that? 是什么支配你那样做的?

6. refer vi. ( referred, referred, referring)涉及，提到( to);查资料;参与;针对;提交，交付

He referred to pollution in his report last week. 上周在报告中他提到了污染问题、

The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers. 商店把投诉转交给制造商

refer to 意思是“提到，谈到，涉及，衣考，查阅”

refer to sb. /sth. as xxx“称某人/某物为……”，to是介词，不可省略

be referred to( as) 是refer to的被动式，意思是“把......称作”

When f was saying that I wasnt referring to you. 我那样说的时候，指的并不是你、

The huge clock in London is referred to as“Big Ben”. 伦敦的大钟被称为“大本钟”

They referred to their friendly teacher as“Mother”. 他们把和善的老师称为“妈妈”

7. compare vt. &vi.比较，对照;比作

He cannot compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies.

作为一个悲剧作家，他无法和xxx亚相比

compare... withxxx“把......与……进行比较/相比”

compare... to... xxx“把……比作......”，含“比喻”之意

compare with sb. /sth.xxx‘和某人或某事物相比或值得相比”

Its necessary to compare xxxlish with Chinese in xxxlish study.学英语时有必要把英语和汉语进行比较

Compare this with that，and youll which is better. 把这个同那个比较，你就知道哪个更好了

He began comparing himself pith the students. 他开始把自己和学生比较起来

Young people are often compared to the rising still. 年轻人常被比作xxx的大阳

英语语法总结归纳 第2篇

高中英语语法总结

一、不定冠词

不定冠词a，an与one同源，表示微弱的一的概念，但并不强调数目，用来表示不确定的人或事物。

A用在辅音前，而不是辅音字母前;an用在元音前，而不是元音字母前。

a university in Asia

1.表示同类中的任何一个

A cat has nine lives.

2.表示泛指的某人、某物

I know a John Lennon，but not the famous one.

3.表示数量的

He has a daughter.

4. 表示单位数量的每一

I earn 10 dollars an hour.

5.表示相同的

The two birds are of a color.

6. 用于集体名词前

He grows up in a large family.

7. 在某种情况下可用于抽象名词和物质名词前

China has a long history.

二、定冠词的用法

1.表示特定的人或物

2.表示地球、宇宙中独一无二的事物

主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体。 The sun，the moon，the earth

3.表示地点、方向、时间、方式等 at the corner 在拐角处

1) 在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词。 In spring 在春天

2) 具体某年的某个季节，需用冠词。 In the summer of the year

3)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前 the first the second

4)用于形容词前使其名词化 the rich the poor

5)用于复数姓氏前，表示―夫妇‖或全家 The Smiths

6)用于乐器名词前 Play the piano

7)用于by+the+计量单位名词 By the pound

1. 用于复数名词前

复数名词泛指某类人或物时，其前通常用零冠词。 Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规。 复数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。 The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒。

2. 用于不可数名词前

不可数名词表示泛指时，其前通常用零冠词xxx： Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。

Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体。 不可数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。

He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块。

3.用于专有名词前

在通常情况下，专有名词前要用零冠词xxx：

Mr Smith is our xxxlish teaches us xxxlish. xxx先生教我们英语。 在特殊情况下，若专有名词需要特指，也可加定冠词xxx： The Smith you‘re looking for no longer lives here.

4. 用于抽象化的可数名词前

有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动，其前通常零冠词。 Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了。

She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜。

这类主要涉及bed， church， class， college， school， university， work， hospital， prison， market， sea， town等。另外，这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关xxx：―住院‖在英国英语中通常说成 in hospital，而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital;类似的还有go to university (英)上大学 / go to the university (美)上大学;at table (英)在吃饭 / at the table (美)在吃饭。

5. 用于职务及头衔前

当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时，其前通常用零冠词xxx： Wilson became President of the U. S. A. 威尔逊当了美国总统。 He will be made captain of the football team. 他将被选为足球队队长。

6. 在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前，通常用零冠词。

We are all interested in physics. 我们大家都对物理感兴趣。

7. 用于某些固定结构中

go to sea 去当水手 at home 在家 at night 在晚上 at lxxxt 至少

at most 至多 at first 首先 at last 最后 in bed 在床上

on foot 步行 face to face 面对面

第二章 代词

高考中对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词(主要是其中的it)、关系代词、指示代词和不定代词上。

一、it的用法 1.作人称代词

John likes playing Ping pong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物); /It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer./ It's very quiet at the moment.(可指时间、天气、环境等) 2.引导词

A.作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。

It's important for us to learn a second language./ It's no use talking to him./ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun.

B.作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。

We feel it our duty to help others./ He made it clear that he would leave the city. C.强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that (或who)…

注意：在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为xxxn 或xxxre，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。 It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar.(that引起强调句) It was Shanghai xxxre I bought the guitar.(xxxre引起定从)

It was twelve o'clock xxxn we arrived there.(xxxn引起时间状语从句) It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there.(that 引起强调句)

3. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。 —Why don't we take a little break? —Didn't we just have __________?

The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in.

one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。

二、关系代词

who，whose，whom，which，that，as

1)which可以引导非限定性定语从句，代表前面整个句子的内容，并且在从句中做主语 2)that的用法 1)不用that的情况

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b) 在不定代词，如：anything， nothing， the one， all， much， few， any， little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c) 先行词有the only， the very修饰时，只用that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。

Finally， the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

3) as的用法

AS作关系代词，用来引导定语从句：限制性定语从句和限非制性定语从句 一、AS引导限制性定语从句

AS引导限制性定语从句时，通常和such， the same， as(so)等连用，构成such...as/such as， the same...as/the same as， as(so)...as等结构，在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。

asxxx―...的那种...，像那样的‖，such...as/such as引导限制性定语从句时，既可指人，也可指物。such用于名词之前时，具有形容词性质;such单独使用(即后面不接名词)时，具有代词性质。

Don‘t trust such men as praise you to your face.(as作主语) 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。

You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.(as作宾语) 你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书。

Associate with such as will improve your manners.(as作主语) 要和能改善你的言行的那种人结交。

same...as/the same asxxx―与...同样的‖，和such一样，the same既有形容词作用，又有代词性质。

We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.(as作宾语) 我们已得出和他们同样的结论。

比较：the same...as和the same...that不同，前者是―同那一个相似‖，后者是―正是那一个‖xxx：

This is the same watch as I lost. 这同我丢的那块表一样。

This is the same watch that I lost? 这正是我丢的那块表。

(so)...asxxx―和...一样‖，后接由many， much等修饰的名词或由形容词修饰的单数名词，注意其语序为as(so)+adj.+a+n+as，如： It‘s as plxxxant a film as I have ever seen. 这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。

As many soldiers as marched were killed. 很多游行的战士都被杀了。

注意：such ...as与such...that ，so...as与 so...that的区别： that是连词，引出结果状语从句，在从句部分不作成分;as是关系代词，引出定语从句，在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。比较： He is such a nice boy that everyone likes him. He is such a nice boy as everyone likes.

It is so difficult a problem that nobody can work it out. It is so difficult a problem as nobody can workout.

二、AS引导非限制性定语从句

AS引导非限制性定语从句时，通常指的不是主句中的某一个名词(先行词)，而是指整个主句表达的内容，对主句所作的陈述进行附加说明，xxx―这...，如...或正如...‖。这种从句可位于主句之前，之中或之后。

As we all know， Taiwan belongs to China. Taiwan， as we all know， belongs to China. Taiwan belongs to China， as we all know. 注意下面的习惯用法：

as is well discussed 正如已讨论过的

as is often said 正如通常所说 as is often the case 通常就是这样 as has been pointed 正如所指出的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as often happens 如同经常所发生的那样 as might be expected正如所料 as is well known to all众所周知

在多数情况下，从句中的谓语助动词可以省略 as explained before 如前面所解释的 as mentioned above 如前面所提到的 as shown in the figure 如图所示 as seen from the table 从表中可以看出 as already discussed 正如已讨论过的 三、不定代词

一) . some 与 any 的用法

1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时，xxx某个xxx：

I have some questions about the assignment. (希望得到肯定答复)。

2. any 用于否定句和疑问句时，表示一些。用于肯定句时，只和单数名词或不可数名词连用，表示任何xxx：

The medicine is on sale every xxxre. You can get it at any chemist?s. 二) . each 与 every 的用法

1. each 强调个体，表示两个或两个以上中的每一个，在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语xxx：

There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.

2. every 强调整体，表示三者或三者以上中的每一个，只能作定语，不能说 every of them ，要说 every one of them .

Every student in our class works hard. 三 . no one 与 none 的用法

1. no one xxx没有人，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词 of 连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答 who 引导的问句xxx： Who is in the classroom? No one.

2. none 既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，xxx一点也不，一个也不;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与 of 连用，通常指三者以上的人或物中没有一个，回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句xxx：

They were all tired， but none of them would stop to have a rest. 四 . other， another， others， any other， the other 的用法

1. other 表示泛指，xxx另外的、其它的。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用xxx果其前有 the， this， some， any， each， every， no， one 以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词xxx： I have no other place to go.

2. another xxx指三者或三者以上中的另外一个，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词xxx果其后接复数名词，则表示又、再、还xxx： This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one)。 We need another three assistants in our shop.

3. others ：它是 other 的复数形式，表示泛指，xxx别的人或物，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词xxx： He has more concern for others than for himself.

4. any other 表示一个之外的其他任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一个xxx： China is larger than any other country in Asia.

5. the other ：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可接单数名词xxx： No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.

五. all 与 both 的用法 均表示都，但 all 表示三者以上的人或物， both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义，如果与 not 连用时，则表示部分否定。

六 . neither 与 either 的用法 都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义，xxx(两者中的每一个)都不;而 either 表肯定意义，xxx(两者中的每一个)都。都可单独使用，也可同介词 of 连用xxx： Both teams were in hard training; neither willing to lose the game. Do you want tea or coffee? Either. I really don't mind.

somebody和someone的区别

这两个字都是有人、某人的意思，一般可以通用，例如：Someone/Somebody must have told him.一定有人告诉了他。Somebody比someone较xxx口语。

someone用法

音标：xxx英['s?mw?n]美['s?mw?n]

释义：pron. 有人，某人

txxxe someone开某人玩笑

Complimenting Someone称赞时；称誉时

Contradicting Someone反驳他人时；批驳别人时

someone pron某人；有人；或人；有名气的人

Someone Painting有人正在画画

1、Someone ripped off my wallet.

有人偷了我的钱夹子。

2、Someone came out with a most useful suggestion.

有人提出了一个非常有益的建议。

3、Hearing someone come in, he hid himself behind the curtain.

听见有人进来了，他一闪身藏在了窗帘的后面。

4、Someone stole a painting from the museum.

有人从博物馆盗走了一幅画。

5、Do you hear someone holler?

你听到有人在喊叫吗?

2somebody用法

音标：英['s?mb?d?]美['s?mb?di]

释义：

n. 大人物；重要人物

pron. 有人；某人

Grab Somebody

summon somebody召集某人

molest somebody非礼

call somebody给某人打电话

1、I heard somebody skirling.

2、Somebody is knocking on the window.

wish跟从句一定要用虚拟吗

wish一般是用虚拟的。但是有时候也不用，当你觉得wish的内容不是那么遥不可及的时候就不用虚拟了。可以用一般语气，也可以用虚拟，看强调哪方面。

wish的用法

1、用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。

其宾语从句的动词形式为：真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时(be的过去式为were)从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时(had + 过去分词)将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形。

I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。

2、Wish to do表达法。Wish sb / sth to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)

虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should 或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。

注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。

If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你,就会去找他。

If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。

英语语法总结归纳 第3篇

一.概念:

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式

二.相关知识点精讲:

1.现在分词的用法：

1) 做表语：

he was very amusing.

that book was rather boring.

很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：

exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

2) 作定语：

上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词：

that must have been a terrifying experience.

i found him a charming person.

现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句：

there are a few boys swimming in the river.

there is a car waiting outside.

3) 作状语：

现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：

following tom, we started to climb the mountain.

opening the drawer, he took out a box.

taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.

现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：

not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.

现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：

hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

returning home, he began to do his homework.

jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.

be careful xxxn crossing the road.

having found a hotel, we looked for somexxxre to have dinner.

having finished her work, she went home.

4)作宾补：

现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：

例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.

i see him passing my house every day.

i caught him stealing things in that shop.

i smelt something burning.

she kept him working all day.

2.过去分词的用法：

1) 作表语：

we were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.

she felt confused, and even frightened.

they were very plxxxed with the girl.

i’m satisfied with your answer.

he is not interested in research.

2) 作定语：

she has a plxxxed look on her face.

the teacher gave us a satisfied smile.

cooked food a written report

fried eggs boiled water

frozen food armed forces

required courses fallen leaves

finished products a forced smile

the risen sun new arrived visitors

what’s the language spoken in that country?

they’re problem left over by history.

the play put on by the teachers was a big success.

is there anybody injured?

do you know the number of books ordered?

3)作状语：

seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.

given good health, i hope to finish the work this year.

they came in, followed by some children.

depressed, he went to see his elder sister.

xxxn treated with kindness, he was very amiable.

4)作宾补：

过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语， 接在某些动词后面

i will have the clothes washed tomorrow.

xxxn they get back home, they found the room robbed.

英语语法总结归纳 第4篇

一. 简单句

一个简单句里只有一个主谓结构(有时可能会有并列的主语或谓语)，而谓语又一定是需要限定动词的，因此，通过对限定动词的识别，可以帮助我们判断一个句子是不是简单句，找出其基本结构中缺少或多余的成分。请看以下例句：

I saw him walking to the office this morning and looking eager to get there and start work. (saw 是限定动词;walking，looking，to get，start都是非限定性动词，即非谓语动词。)

While cutting trees，one man was nearly killed by a falling tree. (was是限定动词;cutting，killed，falling是非限定动词。)

You can either stay here or come with us.

(stay，come都是非限定动词;can是情态动词，can stay or come作谓语。)

二. 并列句

1. 并列连词及其使用

1) 常用的并列连词(或称等立连词)有：and，or，but，for，not only...but(also)，either...or，

nether...nor，both...and.

2) 除for以外的并列连词都可以用来连接一个单句里的两个并列成分，例如：

Jenny and I are good friends。 We run，jump and shout for joy together.

(当有两个以上的并列成分时，一般只在最后两者之间用连词。)

We go for a walk or watch TV after supper.。

The bike is quite old but in excellent condition.

Either your answer or mine is wrong.

3) 除both...and以外的并列连词还可用来连接两个简单句(或称并列分句)，构成并列句。

She was often late and everybody knew，but no one asked why.

The old lady doesn't go out in the winter， for she feels the cold a great deal.

Not only is the teacher himself interested h the subject but a11 his students are beginning to show an interest in it.

2. 连接并列分句的其它手段

1) xxxn/xxxre偶尔也可作并列连词;如：

I was walking down the street xxxn I remembered that I had forgotten my umbrella.(xxxn = and then)

Last night I went to the theatre xxxre I saw Tom's parents，(xxxre = and there) The tongue is not steel，yet it cuts.

I’m busy today，so can you come tomorrow?

Go into the cave，then they won't see you.

It may be possible or not;however，we shall understand.

I’ve never been to Berlin;therefore I don't know much about it. 2) 副词yet，的和then可以连接并列分句：

3) 还可用分号“;”xxx： 3. 并列分句的排列顺序 必须考虑各分句之间的逻辑关系及其时间上的先后顺序，具体情况具体分析。 1) 有些并列的分句可以相互颠倒，并不影响所表达的句意，如： Everyone was in the classroom and the doors were closed.

(=The doors were c1osed and everyone was in the classroom.)

2) 多数并列句里的分句不能相互颠倒xxx：

Most of us were in the classroom，the doors were closed and the late comers had to wait Outside.

(为说明门关之后，迟到者只好在外等着，后两个分句的顺序不能颠倒。)

We were coming to see you，but it rained(so we didn’t)。

(考虑到两个分句所谈事实的时间先后与逻辑关系，它们的位置不能颠倒。)

三. 复合句

1. 复合句由一个主句和一个(或一个以上的)从句组成。用来连接从句的连词是从属连词。从句附属于主句的方式有三种：

1) 相当另一个句子里的某个名词或名词词组的作用，作名词从句。

Everyone could see the truth / (that) it was true.

2) 修饰句子里的某个名词或代词，作定语从句xxx：

I often see My old friends / my school friends who were at school with me.

3) 相当另一个句子里的某个状语的作用，作状语从句xxx：

I met your brother ten years ago / xxxn I came to this school. 2. 两类连词的区分与使用 并列连词与从属连词的作用不同，注意不可混用xxx：

不能说：*Although I was good at maths，but I was never given full marks.(although与but不能连用)

应说：Although I was good at maths，(yet)I was never given full marks.

或： I was good at maths，but/yet I was never given full marks.

不能说：*Unless you work harder，or you will fail to pass the test.(unless与or不能连用)

应说：Unless you work harder，you will fail to pass the test.

或：Work harder/you must work harder, or you will fail to pass the test.

四. 陈述句的肯定与否定

1. not及其它否定词的使用

1) 否定句一般可以由否定词not及必要的助词来构成，例如：

These exercises are not difficult.

I don't like sweets.

2) 除not以外，还有以下这些否定词，也能构成否定句：

a) never，hardly，seldom一类含否定意义的副词xxx：

I have not / never / hardly (ever)/ seldom spoken to Mr. George.

I have not said anything to anybody about it.

I have spoken to nobody / no one about it.

I have said nothing to anybody about it.

I haven't any money / I have no money.

I haven't any./ I have none.

c) neither和nor，主要在以下句式中：

---I haven't spoken to Mr. George.

---Neither/Nor have I.

当用作连词时，neither要在nor之前xxx：

Neither Bob nor I broke the window. We neither want nor need any help from you, thank you. b) no，none以及其它由no-构成的复合词(nothing，nobody，no one，noxxxre等)。

2. 肯定变否定时的其它相应变化

肯定与否定句的区别，除了看有无否定词之外，还可能体现在其它方面，试比较： I have found some mistakes already.

I haven't found any yet?(some >>>any;already >>>yet)

I have found some mistakes，too.

I haven't found any either.(too >>>either)

五. 疑问句

1. 否定问句

1) 否定问句可由否定句变来，例如：

He doesn't eat meat.

I haven't seen him.

结构相当正规，如：

Does he not eat meat?(不能说 *Does not he...?)

Have you not seen him?(不能说 *Have not you...?)

3) 否定问句的回答要“前后如一”，不可受汉语影响犯以下这类错误：

— Doesn't he eat meat?

一Yes，he does. /No，he doesn't.

(不能说 Yes，he doesn't./No，he does.)

2. 反意疑问句的一般构成

1) 反意疑问句的一般构成是：肯定陈述，否定尾句;否定陈述，肯定尾句。要注意反问尾

句中的助词(或系动词、情态动词等)与人称代词应与陈述部分中的语法动词与主语取

得一致。例如：

Jane is your cousin，isn’t she? There is no doubt，is there?

We need to ask first，don’t we? We needn’t ask first，need we?

2) 要注意陈述部分主语后面的缩写形式 's或 'd的真实意义，以决定尾句应该选用的助动

词或系动词等xxx：

He’s never met you before，has he? (He's=He has)

He’s going to tell you the truth，isn't he?(He's=He is)

You'd better go， hadn't you? (you'd =you had)

You'd rather stay， wouldn't you?(you'd =you would)

3) 要注意“否定陈述+肯定尾句”的回答必须前后一致。

You seldom go swimming in the morning，do you?

Yes，I do，/No，I don't.

3. 比较特殊的反意疑问句

有些反意疑问句的尾句构成比较特殊，应当引起注意:

Few people knew the answer，did they?(few为否定含义，后接肯定尾句。)

I'm older than you，aren't I?(I am后面的否定尾句常用aren't I?)

Pass me the newspaper，will you?(肯定祈使句用will you?)

Don't be late next time，will you?(否定祈使句后也用will you?)

Remember to lock the door，won't you?(用won't you表示请求或恳求。)

Use your head，can't you?(can't you表示不耐烦或不满的斥责。)

Let's do it by ourselves，shall we?(第一人称祈使句，we包括说话人与听话人双方。)

Let us do it by ourselves，will you?(第二人称祈使句，we只指说话人一方。)

Everybody has been told what to do，haven't they?(尽管hasn't he似乎更合语法;习惯常用 haven't they。)

Doesn't he eat meat? >>>Haven't you seen him?

2) 否定问句的开头一般都用not的缩写形式;如分开，则须将not放到主语之后，但这类

None of us knew the way，did we?(none of us作主语, 尾句中用we)

Some of you are learning Russian，aren't you?(同上句理解。)

4. 特殊疑问句

1) 两种语序：

a) 当疑问词为主语或主语的定语时，语序与陈述句相同，如：

Somebody broke the window. >>>Who broke the window?

Something broke the window. >>>What broke the window?

Somebody's window was broken. >>>Whose window was broken?

b) 当疑问词为其它成分时，则疑问词后面的语序与一般疑问句相同，如：

He was reading China Daily. >>>What paper was he reading?

I saw the film yesterday. >>>When did you see the film?

2) 要注意选择恰当的疑问词以及与之搭配的其他词语，如：

I bought a bike made in Tianjing. >>>What bike did you buy?

The new bike under the tree is mine. >>>Which bike is yours? He did his work carefully. >>>How did he do his work?

I go to the library twice a week.>>>How often do you go to the library?

He painted the desk white.>>>What color did he paint the desk?

5. 两类选择疑问句

1) 一类是以一般疑问句为基础的xxx：

Do you speak French or German?

Will they come to see us or sha11 we go to see them?

Has Henry finished his breakfast or hasn't he?

2) 另一类是以特殊疑问句为基础的，可以看成是由一个Wh- 问句加上并列起来供人选择

的两个(或两个以上的)答案构成的xxx：

How do you go to school every day，by bus or on foot?

When shall we set off，at six or (at)six thirty?

六. 祈使句

1. 祈使句的主语

1) 主语应为第二人称时，通常不表示出来，如：

Read after me， plxxxe. Be careful with your pronunciation. Have this seat，will you?(可加反意疑问句) Let me have a try. Let him try again. All/Everybody be here at two o'clock。(也可不用Let) 2) 行为动作的主语为第一、三人称时，祈使句通带以Let开头：

2. 祈使句的强调与否定

1) 祈使句的强调结构是在句首加Do：

Do come early next time. Do be careful! 2) 祈使句的否定是在句首加Don't： Don't ask me why. Don't be late.

Don't 1et there be too much noise.

Never buy what you cannot pay for.(也可用Never)

3. 祈使句+and/or结构

这类结构常可与含if从句的复合句相互转换：

Give h1m an inch， and he'll take a yard. (=lf you give him an inch, he'll take a yard.)

Wear your coat，or you'll catch cold.(If you don't wear your coat，you'll catch cold.) 七. 感叹句

1. What +(a/an)+adj. + n.+ 主谓

What a beautiful day it is!

What wonderful weather we are having!

1) What之后是否用a/an要看后面的名词是否可数;是单数还是复数：

What beautiful music the boy is playing!(music不可数，前面不可加a/an.) What fools they were!(fools，复数，不可加a/an) What a beautiful day!

What fools!

How hard you've been working! How time flies!

2) 在上下文清楚的情况下，感叹句中的主谓结构甚至形容词都可省略xxx： 2. How + adj./adv. + 主谓!

How happy we are!

How也可修饰句中动词，如： How I miss you，my friend! 3. How+adj.+ a/an +单数名词„：

How foolish a boy he is!(= What a foolish boy he is!)

高中英语语法总结范文精选三：非谓语动词用法比较

一、不定式与动名词作主语时的比较

不定式和动名词在作主语时常常可以互换： Crying/To cry will not help you out of difficulty 但是要注意以下的几点：

1. 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式做主

语通常表示具体动作。试比较：

Living in Beijing must be wonderful.(泛指行为)

He realized that to live with her any longer was wrong (具体行为) 2. 当主语被否定时，通常用不定式：

Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions

3. 在It is important/necessary…的结构中，主语只能用不定式，不用动名词：

It is important to grasp the spirit of a foreign language in order to use it feely. It became necessary to build new factories for products never before produced 4. 在It takes+时间等+。¨的结构中，主语常用不定式：

How much cloth will it take to make a shirt?

5. 在There is no … 和It is no good …结构中，通常用动名词 二、不定式与动名词作表语时的比较

不定式和动名词在作表语时常常可以互换： His job is bringing/to bring milk every day

但是，当不定式作主语时，表语用不定式;动名词作主语时，表语也用动名词。

To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.

此外，还应注意以下两点：

1. 主语是it，this，that等指示代词时，表语通常用动名词：

That was playing with fire.

2. 主语是名词时，表语较短时通常用动名词，表语较长时通常用不定式：

My favorite sport is swimming.

What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the sand

三、不定式与动名词作宾语时的比较

1. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意义区别不大的动词常见的有：begin，start，continue，love，

like，propose等：

Almost all the boys like to play/playing football . 但以上的动词中有一部分在下列情况下通常用不定式作宾语：

1) 在would like/love/hate等的后面：

I'd like(love)to have a drink.

I'm starting to talk about it.

3) 当begin后接某些感觉或状态动词时：

She began to see what he meant.

2. 接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义不同的动词或词组常见的有：

1) remember/forget/regret+doing或to do sth

I must remember to ask him (指记住要做的事)

I shall always remember seeing the famous scientist (指记住己经发生过的事) Don’t forget to bring your dictionary.(不要忘记要做的事)

I will never forget meeting you here (不会忘记曾发生过的事)

I regret telling you so much (懊悔己经作过的事=I'm sorry told you so much。)

I regret to tell you that you have failed your exam(regret发生在to tell之前，=I’m sorry

to tell you…)

可见，上述用法中，动名词指己经发生的事，不定式指发生在renumber, forget或

regret以后的事。要注意：可以用动名词的完成式替代一般式;通常不用*I forgot

doing it 而说：I forgot that I had done it 或I forgot about doing it.

2) stop/go on/leave of+doing或to do sth.

英语语法总结归纳 第5篇

高中英语语法

一、表语从句

1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

(1)从属连词thatxxx：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

(2)从属连词xxxther,as,as ifxxx：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。

注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago,but it's as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。

(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 xxxre,xxxn,how,whyxxx：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

解释：连词because可引导表语从句xxx：I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略xxx：My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的.建议是我们明天一早就出发。

二、主语从句

1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：

(1)从属连词thatxxx：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。

(2)从属连词xxxtherxxx：Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。

(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 xxxre,xxxn,how,whyxxx：What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

三、宾语从句

1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

(1)从属连词thatxxx：He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。

could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。

(1)介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语xxx：He was deeply displxxxed by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

(2)从属连词if/xxxtherxxx：I doubt xxxther he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。

(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 xxxre,xxxn,how,whyxxx：Who or what he was,Martin never learned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?xxx本不知道。

四、同位语从句

1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等，关联词多用从属连词thatxxx：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。

注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词xxxther引导xxx：I have no idea xxxther he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。

连接代词who,which,what和连接副词xxxre,xxxn,why,how亦可引导同位语从句。

五、不定式的构成

不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。

不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生xxx：They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。

英语语法总结归纳 第6篇

1高中英语语法大全一、主语从句

1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词thatxxx：T.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词xxxtherxxx：Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词xxxre,xxxn,how,whyxxx：W.她干了什么尚不清楚。H.这事如何发生的，谁也不清楚。W.不论谁来都欢迎。W----myonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。

二、宾语从句

1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

(1)从属连词thatxxx：H.他对我们说他感到不舒服。Iknoxxxhasreturned.我知道他已经回来了。注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。

.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

’tbelieve.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

三、表语从句

1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1)从属连词thatxxx：ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2)从属连词xxxther,as,asifxxx：H.他看起来还与十年前一样。T.问题是他们是否能帮我们。

四、同位语从句

1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等，关联词多用从属连词thatxxx：T.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。WIcouldnotcome?你在哪儿听说我不能来?EGRussia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

五、不定式的构成

1.不定式的构成不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：主动式被动式一般式todotobedone完成式进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/

1)不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生xxx：T.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。H.他站到一边让我通过。

2)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等xxx：S.她似乎已听说过这件事。I.我很抱歉让你等了这么久。I,butI.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。I.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。

3)不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分xxx：It’.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。H.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。Wedidn’.我们没料到你一直在这儿等我们。

4)不定式的完成进行式如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示

5)动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成xxx：T.尽量下次不要再迟到。H.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。

2英语语法基础知识有哪些

...引导的比较级：

(1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句：He studies as hard as you. 他像你一样学习努力。

(2)在否定句或疑问句中可用not so…as…. 例句：He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。

引导的倒装句型：only +状语(或状语从句)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。

例句： Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奋、正直，一个人在生活中才能成功。

注意：但 only修饰主语时，不倒装。例句：Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。

引导的虚拟语气：wish 后面的从句，当表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，其宾语从句的动词形式为：

(1)表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示，be 的过去式用were.

I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)

(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had +过去分词。

I wish (that) I hadn’t wastedso much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。( 实际上已经浪费掉了。)

(3)表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。在这种情况下，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外) 。

I wish it would stop raining. xxx能停止。

注意：若wish 后的宾语从句中用would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。

例句：I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。

形式宾语：和it 作形式主语一样, 我们常用it 来作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语从句放在句末, 这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。

例句：He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他表明他不会屈服。

比较级，the+比较级表示“越......越......”。

例句：The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill become.我们越害怕困难，困难就会变得越强大。

6.宾语从句：一般疑问句做宾语，引入if或xxxther

例句： I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?

7. 原因状语从句：since引导的

例句： Don’t eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your health.

8. 否定词前置倒装：scarcely...xxxn...

例句： Scarcely had he arrived at home xxxn it began torain.

9.宾语从句：放在介词后面，作介词的宾语。

例句：I know nothing about him except that he used towork in Shanghai.

英语语法总结归纳 第7篇

一.概念:

情态动词是表示能力,义务,必须,猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词.

二.相关知识点精讲:

1)表能力

can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。

I can climb this pole. 我能爬这根杆子。

He is only four , but he can read. 他只有4岁，但已认得字了。

Fire can’t destroy gold. 火烧不毁金子。

因为can不能和其他助动词连用，所以表示将来式时用will be able to

You will be able to skate after you have practiced it two or three times.

你练习两三次后就会溜冰了。

2)表可能性

多用于否定与疑问结构中，但也可用在肯定句中。

Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗?

It can’t be true. 它不可能是真的。

What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思?

can 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性(一时的可能)。

A horse in the center of London can cost a lot of money.

Attending the ball can be very exciting.

The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会不通的。

may 在肯定句中表示现实的可能性。

The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。

3)表示允许(和may意思相近)常见于口语。

Can (May) I come in ? 我能进来吗?

Can I smoke here ? 我可以在这里抽烟吗?

的用法

1)表过去的可能和许可，(多用于间接引语中)

At that time we thought the story could not be true.

那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。

Father said I could swim in the river.

爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。

2)表过去的能力

I could swim xxxn I was only six.

我刚六岁就能游泳。

Could在肯定句中表示过去的能力时，常表抽象的一般的能力。

He could be very naughty xxxn he was a child.

他小时候会是很顽皮的。

3)表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法

Could I use your bike?

Yes, you can.

他会记得那时吗?

I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer today.

恐怕我今天不能回答你。

The teacher said you could go to the store for sweets.

老师说你可以去商店买糖。

3)Could/can+have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。 could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。

Can they have won the basketball match?

他们赢了那场篮球赛吗?

What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.

你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。

You could have completed the task a little earlier.

你本来能早点完成任务的。(但事实上并没有提前完成任务)

I could have passed my examination xxxily but I made too many stupid mistakes.

我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。

如表具体做某一件事的能力时，则须用 be able to .

He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.

他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章。

Can表示一贯的能力 ，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力

I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.

The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out

When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank

的用法

1)表示请求、可以、允许。

You may drive the tractor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。

2)当回答由may 引起的问题时，否定答语要用must not,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、“不行”。

May I come in?

Yes, you may.

No,you can’t

No, you may not .

No ,you mustn’t

No ,you’d better not.

3) may /might 推测性用法 可能

He may be right.

He may not come today (可能不)

He may /might come tomorrow.

, 注意: 1只用于肯定和否定句中,不用于疑问句中。

2 might 比may可能性更小

He might get a job.

He may get a job.

3 may no 可能不 can not不可能

He may not come

He can’t come

3)表建议(可和as well 连用)

You may(might)as well stay xxxre you are.

你还是原地待着好。(may as well 有“还是……的好”的含义)

4)表祝愿

May you be happy!

might

1)表过去的“可能”和“允许”多用于间接引语。

She said that he might take her dictionary.

她说他可以拿她的词典去用。

除在间接引语中外，might一般不表示过去的“可能”与“许可”。表过去的“可能”可用could，表过去的“许可”可用were (was) allowed to。

2)表现在的“可能”，其可能性要比may小。

Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock.

电熨斗会有危险，它可能电着人。

3)may (might) + have +done 表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有“想必”、“也许是”的意思。

It may have been true. 这事也许是真的。

He might not have settled the question. 他可能尚未解决那个问题。

的主要用法。

1)表示必须、必要

We must do everything step by step .我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。

Why must you always bother me? 为什么你偏要打扰我呢。

2)must be + 表语的结构，通常表示猜测，含有“一定”之意。(只用在肯定句中)

He must be an honest boy. 他一定是个诚实的男孩。

This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。

3)must 的否定式有两个：当回答由must引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn’t或don’t have to 表示“不必”、“无须”、“用不着”、“不一定”的意义。当表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”时，就用must not。

Must I go tomorrow?明天我必须去吗?

Yes, plxxxe.是的，请吧!

No , you needn’t. 不，你不必去。

4)must +have +过去分词的结构，常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有“一定”、“准是”的意思。否定和疑问句用can。

She must have studied xxxlish before.她以前一定学过英语。

to的含义与must是很接近的,只是have to 比较强调客观需要，must着重说明主观看法。

I must clean the room.(主观想法)

I have to clean the room.(客观需要)

另外，have to 能用于更多时态：

We had to be there at ten .我们得在十点钟到那里。

We will have to reconsider the whole thing.

这一切我们将不得不重新加以考虑。

have to 的否定式：don’t have to do 表示“不必做……”之意。

to 的用法

Ought to 后接动词原形，表义务，但不及must 那样具有信心，如：

You don’t look well. You ought to go to see the doctor.

你气色不好，应该去看病。

Ought to 用于否定句，其否定形式可缩略为oughtn’t ，如：

You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。

也可以用于疑问句，如：

Ought you to smoke so much?你应该抽这样多烟吗?

Ought to 在间接引语中表过去时形式不变，如：

He said you ought to tell the police.

他说你应该去报告警察。

的用法

1)用于第一人称征求对方的意见，如：

What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什么好呢?

Shall we dance? 我们跳舞好吗?

2)shall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，命令，威胁(现已少见)，如：

She shall get her share. 她可以得到她的一份。

You shall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以将它拿回。

情态动词should一般不应被认为是情态动词shall的过去式，主要用法有：

1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和，如：

What should we do now? 我们现在该怎么办?

2)表示应该、必须，常与must 换用。例如：

We should (must) master a foreign language at lxxxt.

我们应当至少掌握一门外语。

3)“should+be+表语”的结构，表示推测或惊奇。例如：

They should be back by now. 他们现在应该回来了吧。

I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。

4)“should+have+过去分词”的结构，表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为;其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构“ought to have +过去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意，语气较强。例如：

I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。(但没想到)

They should not have left so soon.他们不应当走得这么早。(但已走了)

5) 在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用should +动词原形”表示“理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。在lest(以免)、for fear (that) (以防)、in case(以备万一)等之后也要用should+动词原形;在advise, sugest, order, demand, request 等的从句中should+do”例如：

It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.

有必要马上派他到那里去。

It is strange that he should say so. 他会说这样的话真是奇怪。

Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train.

我们马上走吧，以免赶不上火车。

8..will和would的用法

1)表示意志，决心或愿望。例如：

Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.

我们一定要支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。

He would not let me try it . 他不肯让我去试。

2)will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would表示过去的习惯行为。

He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.

他会经常一连几个小时坐在那儿观看来往的车辆。

He would come to see me xxxn he was in Beijing.

他在北京时，常来看望我。

3)用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would的语气比will委碗

Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 请问到火车站怎么走?

4)表可能性

This will be the book you are looking for.

这可能就是你要找的书。

She eould be about 60 xxxn she died.

他死时大概60岁。

9. need和dare的用法

情态动词need xxx动词 need

现 You need (not) do You (don’t) need to do

时 He need (not) do He needs (doesn’t need) to do

过 You needed (didn’t need) to do

时 He needed (didn’t need) to do

将 You need (not) do You will (not) need to do

时 He need (not) do He will (not) need to do

句型 时态 动词

情态动词dare xxx动词 dare

肯定句 现在时 dare to 少用 dare/dares to do

过去时 dare to 少用 dared to do

否定句 现在时 daren’t/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do

过去时 dared not do did not dare (to) do

疑问句 现在时 Dare he do? Do you/Does he dear (to) do?

过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do

needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， xxx“本没必要…”。例如：

You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today

10.表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句

He must/may be in the room, isn’t he?

He can’t be in the room, is he?

He must have finished the work, hasn’t he?

He may have done the work last night, didn’t he?

：情态动词+行为动词进行式

情态动词+行为动词进行式(即情态动词+ be + v-ing形式)，表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如：

1)He must be playing basketball in the room.

2)She may be staying at home.

11.情态动词+行为动词完成进行式

情态动词+行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式)，表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如：

1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.

2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office xxxn you saw him.

to +v, be used to +v-ing和be used to +v

(1)used to +vxxx“过去常常”，“过去一直”;be used to +v-ing / n(名词)xxx“习惯于”;be used to +vxxx“被用来(做某事)”。

(2)used to只表示过去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如：

1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.

2)He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.

3)The knife is used to cut bread.

13.用作情态动词的其他短语

would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如：

1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.

2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.

3)I’d rather walk than take a bus.

4)If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.

注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如：

1)I would rather you came on Sunday.

2)I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday.

英语语法总结归纳 第8篇

I. 要点

1、介词和种类

(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。

(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

2、介词和其他词类的`习惯搭配关系

(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。

(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, rxxxon for, cause of, visit to等.

3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词xxx：

He came right after dinner.

He lives directly opposite the school.

4、某些介词的意义与用法举例

(1) at, on, in(表时间)

表示时间点用at,如at four oclock, at midnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。

指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September 1st 等。

指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 等。

(2) between, among(表位置)

between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如

Im sitting between Tom and Alice.

The village lies between three hills.

among用于三者或三者以上之间xxx：

He is the best among the students.

(3) beside, besides

besidexxx“在…旁边”，而besidesxxx“除…之外”xxx：

He sat beside me.

What do you want besides this?

(4)in the tree, on the tree

in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上

(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道

by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法

(6)in the corner, at the corner

in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外

(7)in the morning, on the morning

in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

(8)by bus, on the bus

by bus 是一般说法 on the bus xxx某一辆车

II. 例题

例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ xxxlish?

A except B but C beside D besides

解析：A、B两项except等于but，xxx“除了…”，C-besidexxx“在…旁边”，不符合题意。而D-besides, xxx“除了…之外，还有”。所以该题正确答案为D。该题xxx：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗?

例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.

A on B at C in D during

解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但xxxight前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。

例3 Im looking forward ____your letter.

A to B in C at D on

解析：该题正确答案为A。 look forward to 为固定搭配，xxx“期望、盼望”。

英语语法总结归纳 第9篇

一、语法教学的重要性

语法教学是英语教学的一个重要组成部分，肩负着培养语言技能和提高交际能力的任务。英语技能包括听、说、读、写四个方面，四者与语法都有密切的关系，语法具备生成力，学会一种语法规则可产生出无穷无尽的句子。那么，掌握语法是提高英语语言能力的重要途径。因此，在英语教学中必须重视语法教学，不断探索教学方法，提高语法教学质量，为提高英语教学的总体水平打下牢固的基础。

二、任务型教学与语法教学

任务型教学强调在“做中学，用中学”，即倡导教师根据教学内容，创造性地设计各种任务活动，让学生学会用英语做事，并在做事的过程中学习语言，形成综合运用语言的能力。

《普通高中英语课程标准》明确提到：“教师要引导学生主动学习，帮助他们形成以能力发展为目的的学习方式，鼓励学生通过体验、实践、讨论、合作和探究等方式，发展听、说、读、写的综合语言技能。”“要为学生独立学习留有空间和时间，使学生有机会通过联想、推理和归纳等思维活动用英语分析问题和解决问题，获得经验，增强自信，提高能力。”“要通过设计丰富多彩的课内外学习活动，使学生在参与交际活动的过程中形成交际策略。”

然而，至今仍有部分教师固守传统的语法教学理念，将大量课堂时间用来讲解语法知识，忽视学生的主观能动性。上述做法与新课程的要求是背道而驰的。

因此，正确领会新课程精神，优化语法教学的方法，避免语法教学走极端，是英语语法教学改革的一个重要方面。下面我将结合一堂英语语法随堂课谈一点感悟。

三、两次语法教学实例的设计与反思

1.教学背景

(1)学情分析：

上课课型：高中英语随堂课—“倒装句”语法课

(2)教学内容分析：

英语语法总结归纳 第10篇

高中英语语法考点总结

基数词

表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。

1.基数词的构成：

1-10  one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;

11-19  eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,

seventeen,  eighteen, nineteen;

20-90  twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;

≥  100

100  a/one hundred;

1,000  a/one thousand;

1,000,000  a/one million;

1,  000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million

2.  基数词的用法

1)作主语：

Three  will be enough for us.

三个对我们来说就足够了。

Two  of the girls are from Tokyo.

这些姑娘中有两位来自东京。

2)作宾语：

Four  people applied for this job, but we only need one.

四个人申请这工作，但我们仅需一人。

3)作表语：

The  population of China is over billion.

中国有十三亿多人口。

I’m  twenty while my brother is sixteen.

我二十岁，我弟弟十六岁。

4)作定语：

We  have 300 workers in our company.

我们公司有三百名员工。

Forty  students were involved in the interview. 四十名学生参加了这次采访。

5)作同位语：

You  two clean these seats.

你们两个打扫这些位子。

Have  you got tickets for us three?

有我们三个人的票吗?

序数词

表示顺序或等级。

1.  序数词的构成：

1-10：  first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh  7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th；

11-19：  eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;fifteenth 15th;  sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th；

20-90：  twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth  60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th；

≥100：

100  hundredth；

1,000  thousandth；

1,000,000  millionth；

1,000,000,000  billionth

2、序数词的用法

1）作主语：

The  second is what I really need.

第二个是我真正需要的。

The  first bottle has been full but the second is empty.

第一个瓶已满，但第二个还空着。

2）作宾语：

I  got a third in biology.

我生物得到了第三名。

Do  you prefer the first or the second?

第一个和第二个你更喜欢哪一个呢？

3）作表语：

I  will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you

.我将是第一个支持你的人，也是最不会反对你的人。

Columbus  was the first who discovered America.

哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。

4）作定语：

I’ll  try a second time and see if I can do it.

我还要试一次，看看我能否做得了。

Take  the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you’ll get  there.

在第一个转弯处向右转，然后在第二个转弯处向左转就到了。

5）作状语：

He  came second in the race.

他在赛跑中得了第二名。

It  was a snowy day xxxn we first met.

我们初次见面时是一个下雪的日子。

3、 序数词前冠词的使用

1）  明确指明了先后顺序或一系列事物按一定的规律排列时，序数词前用定冠词。

This  is the second time that I have been in London.

这是我第二次来伦敦。

Alva  is the fifth child of the Whites.

阿尔瓦市怀特家的第五个孩子。

2）  表示“又一、再一”，不强调顺序时，序数词前用不定冠词。

You  have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?

今天你已经买了四个玩具了，为什么还想再买一个呢？

I  failed again, but I will try a third time.

我又失败了，可是我要再试一次。

3）  序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或其他修饰语时不用任何冠词。

My  first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.

我五岁前是和祖父母一块度过的。

Mrs.  Black’s second child is a genius.

xxx夫人的第二个孩子是个天才。

4）  序数词与名词构成复合形容词时，冠词由被修饰词而定。此时序数词是复合形容词的一部分而不是独立的，前面的冠词完全由这个形容词所修饰的名词而定。

This  MPV car is a second-hand one.

这辆商务车是二手的。

Habit  is second nature.

习惯是第二天性。

5）  序数词还可作副词，此时不用任何冠词。

First  I am short of money; second I haven’t enough time.

首先我缺钱，其次我没有足够的时间。

6）  序数词用在表示“每隔……”的every 后，其前不用冠词。

every  second day 每隔一天

every  fifth day 每隔四天

every  second line 每隔一行

7）  某些固定搭配中序数词前不用冠词。

first  of all 首先

at  first 起初

at  first sight 乍一看，第一

数词的用法

1.  分数：表示分数时，分子须用基数词，分母须用序数词。

（分子是1以上的任何数时，作分母的序数词要用复数形式。）

1）  真分数通常用英语单词表达。

one-fourth  四分之一

two-fifths  五分之二

a  quarter 四分之一

2）  分子和分母的数目较大时，两者都用基数词，之间用over/by/out of/in 连接。

Seven  over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.

二十个学生中有七个通过了飞行测试。

3）  带分数：“整数+ and + 分数部分”。

Two  and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend.

周末期间的降雨量达二又四分之一英寸。

2.  小数：小数总是用阿拉伯数字表达。小数点后不论有多少位都不能用逗号分开，但小数点之前的数依然按照三位一个逗号的原则书写。

 120,

注意：小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读，小数点后的数每一位都要单独读。

 读作fifteen point five zero three

 读作zero point zero five

3.  百分数：百分数中的数目用阿拉伯数字，后接percent或百分号（%），在专业统计或表格中常用%代替percent，在句首时则用英语单词书写。

I  have invested 40 percent of my income.

我把40%的收入用作投资了。

Farmers’  income has incrxxxed by 30%.

农民的收入已经增加了30%。

4、 倍数：表示倍数时，一倍用once，两倍 用twice/double，三倍以上用“基数词+ times”。

1）“倍数  + as many/much … as …”

My  deskmate claims to have twice as many stamps as I.

我同桌声称他的邮票是我的两倍。

This  computer costs three times as much as that one.

这台计算机的价格是那台的三倍。

2）“倍数  + the size of …”

用法与size相同的名词常见的有weight（重量），height（高度），depth（深度），width（宽度），age（年龄），length（长度）等。

Our  playground is five times the size of theirs.

我们的操场是他们的五倍大。

This  street is twice/double the width of that one.

这条大街是那条大街的两倍宽。

3）“倍数  + what从句”

The  value of the house is double what it was.

这所房子的价值是原来的两倍。

People’s  average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.

人们的平均收入是十年前的五倍。

4）“倍数  + 比较级 + than”

The  room is twice larger than ours.

这间房子比我们的房子大两倍。

This  ball seats three times more people than that one.

这个大厅能坐的人数是那个大厅的四倍。

5）“比较级  + than … + by + 倍数/程度”

The  line is longer than that one by twice.

这根线是那根线的两倍长。

The  population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.

中国人口是美国人口的六倍多。

5、四则运算：

1）加法：在口语中，小数目的加法常用and代表“+”，is  或 are 代表“=”。

在正式的场合或较大数目的加法用plus代表“+”，equals或is  代表“=”。

7+4=11  Seven and four is/are eleven.

13+12=25  Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.

2)  减法：在口语中，小数目的减法用“Take away + 减数 + from + 被减数 + and you get + 余数”

“减数  + from + 被减数 + leaves/is + 余数”

在正式的场合或较大数目的减法用minus  代表“—”，equals 代表“=”。

12-5=7  Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get  seven.

21-7=14  Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.

3)  乘法：在口语中，小数目的乘法的乘数用复数形式，用are 代表“=”。

大数目的乘法用times代表“×”，is/makes  代表“=”。

在正式的场合下用multiplied  by 代表“×”，equals 代表“=”。

4×5=20  Four fives are twenty

326×238=77588

Three  hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven  thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.

Three  hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals  seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.

4)  除法：小数目的除法：用divided by 代表“÷”，equals 代表“=”。

“被除数  + divided by + 除数 + equals + 商”；“除数 + into + 被除数 + goes + 商”

32÷4=8  Thirty-two divided by four equals eight.

Four  into thirty-two goes eight.

大数目的除法：用divided  by 代表“÷”，equals 代表“=”。

216÷8=27

Two  hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty-seven.

6、比率：一般来说表示比率都用阿拉伯数字（包括句首的情况），但在非专业性的文字中，也可用英语单词的形式。

The  ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.

七比四写作7:4或7/4。

You  have a fifty to fifty chance of success.

你成功的机会只有一半。

7、编号：用基数词时  名词 + 基数词 World War Ⅰ/Page 8/Room 109…

用序数词时  the + 序数词 + 名词  the First World War

8、年代与几十几岁：通常是逢十的基数词用作复数形式。表示年代的数词前用定冠词  in the 90s；表示岁数的数词前用形容词用物主代词 in one’s twenties

9、约数：

1）表示“大约”可以用about/some/around/nearly/something  like/more or less，用or so 表示“左右、大约”置于数词之后。

The  man in rags is about/some sixty years old.

The  man in rags is sixty years old or so.

那个衣衫褴褛的男子大约有六十岁/六十岁左右。

Peter  is something like thirty.

皮特大约有三十岁。

2）“多于、超过”用more/than/over/above；“少于、不超过”用less  than。

She  was more than/less than forty xxxn she got married.

她结婚时有四十多岁/不到四十岁。

3）其他

半天（小时）half  a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hour

一个半  a day and a half=one and a half days

两天半  two days and a half=two and a half days

一两天……one  or two days=a day or two

两三天/周/个苹果  a couple of days/weeks/apples…

三番五次  again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and over again; time  after time

三年五载  from three to five years; in a few years

三三两两  in twos and threes; in knots

2高中语法有必背的知识点

1、as  句型

(1)  as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……”

例：As(it  is)in your country, we grow xxxat in the north and rice in the south.

正如(像)  你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，xxx植水稻。

(2)  as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ;

否定式：not  as/so --- as

例：He  is as good a player as his sister.

他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。

(3)  such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……

例：She  is such a fool as to believe what he said.

她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。

(4)  so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……

例：He  was so strong as to carry the heavy box.

他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。

(5)  such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)

例：He  wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.

他希望成为一个像xxx这样的人。

(6)  the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)

例：He  is not the same man as he used to be.

他不是从前的那样子了。

(7)  as 引导非限制性定语从句

例：As  is known to us, knowledge is power.

众所周知，知识就是力量。

(8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近

例：We  get wiser as we get older.

随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。

(9)  引导原因状语从句，与 because的用法相近

例：As  it was getting very late, we soon turned back.

因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。

(10)  引导让步状语从句

例：Child  as he is, he knows much about science.

尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。

2、prefer  句型

(1)  prefer to do sth

例：I  prefer to stay at home.

我宁愿呆在家里。

(2)  prefer doing sth

例：I  prefer playing in defence.

我喜欢打防守。

(3)  prefer sb to do sth

例：Would  you prefer me to stay?

你愿意我留下来吗?

(4)  prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……

宁愿…...而不愿...

例句：I  prefer to stay at home rather than go out.

我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.

(5)  prefer doing sth to doing sth

例：I  prefer watching football to playing it.

我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。

(6)  prefer sth to sth

例：I  prefer tea to coffee.

我要茶不要咖啡。

3、xxxn  句型

(1)  be doing sth...xxxn...

例：He  was still smiling xxxn the door opened and his wife came in.

他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。

(2)  be about to do sth ... xxxn ...

例：We  were about to start xxxn it began to rain.

我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。

(3)  had just done ... xxxn ...

例：I  had just gone to bed after a very hard day xxxn the phone rang.

在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。

4、seem  句型

(1)  It +seems + that从句

例：It  seemed that everyone was satisfied.

看来好像每个人都很满意。

(2)  It seems to sb that ...

例：It  seems to me that she is right.

我看她是对的，

(3)  There seems to be ...

例：There  seems to be a heavy rain.

看上去要有一场大雨。

(4)  It seems as if ...

例：It  seemed that she couldn't come to class.

看样子她不能来上课了。

5、表示“相差……;增加了……;增加到……”句型

(1)  She is taller than I by three inches.

她比我高三英寸

(2)  There is one year between us.

我们之间相差一岁。

(3)  She is three years old than I.

她比我大三岁。

(4)  They have incrxxxed the price by 50%.

他们把价格上涨了50%

(5)  His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.

他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。

6、what  引导的名词性从句

(1)  what 引导主语从句

例：What  surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.

让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。

[  indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的]

(2)  what 引导宾语从句

例：We  can learn what we do not know.

我们能学会我们不懂的东西。

(3)  what 引导表语从句

例：That  is what I want.

那正是我所要的。

(4)  what 引导同位语从句

例：I  have no idea what they are talking about.

我不知道他们正在谈论什么。

7、too句型

(1)  too ... to do ...

例：Politics  is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that  it can't be left to the politicians.)

政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。

(2)  only too ... to do ...

例：I  shall be only too plxxxed to get home.

我要回到家里就非常高兴。

(3)  too + adj + for sth

例：These  shoes are much too small for me.

我穿这双鞋太小了。

(4)  too + adj + a + n.

例：This  is too difficult a text for me.

这篇课文对我来说太难了。

(5)  can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过

例：We  cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

8、xxxre  句型

(1)  xxxre 引导的定语从句

例：This  is the house xxxre he lived last year.

这就是他去年住过的房子。

(2)  xxxre 引导的状语从句

例：Where  there is a will，there is a way.

有志者事竟成。

He  left his key xxxre he could find.

他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。

I  will go xxxre I want to go.

我要去我想去的地方。

(3)  xxxre 引导的表语从句

例：This  is xxxre you are wrong.

这正是你错的地方。

9、wish  句型

(1)  wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事

例：I  wish I were as strong as you.

我希望和你一样强壮。

(2)  wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事

例：  I wish you had told me earlier

要是你早点告诉我就好了。

(3)  wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事

例：I  wish you would succeed this time.

我希望你这次会成功。

11、 before 句型

(1)  would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……

例：She  would rather die than turn against his motherland.

她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。

(2)  would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事

例：I  would rather have taken his advice.

我宁愿过去接受他的意见。

(3)  would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事

例：I  would rather I had passed the examination last week.

我真希望通过上星期的考试。

(4)  would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事

例：  Who would you rather went with you?

你宁愿谁和你一起去?

(1)  before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……

例：Before  I could get in a word ，he had mxxxured me.

我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。

(2)  It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……

例：It  will be 4 years before he graduates.

他还有四年时间变毕业了。

(3)  had done some time before (才……)

例：We  had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。

(4)  had not done ... before ... 不到……就……

例：We  hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。

(5)  It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……

例：It  wasn’t two years before he left the country.

还没到两年他们离开了那国家。

13、用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型

(1)  It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)...

例：It  was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.

是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。

(2)  Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...

例：Was  it your brother that you met in the street?

在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?

(3)  Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ...

例：How  is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?

明天你究竟怎样去看望她?

(4)  do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)

例：They  do know the place well.

他们的确很熟悉那个地方。

(1)would  like to/ would love to have done sth.

例：I  would like to have written to you.

我本想给你写信的。

(2)  was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)

例：Lucy  was going to watch a basketball match.

Lucy  原打算看一场篮球比赛。

3高考英语语法重点归纳重点

一．非谓语动词

一）不定式的常考形式：

1)  一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被动形式:  He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语_能：  表示与谓语动词同步发生

2)  完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式：The  book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语_能：表示发生在谓语动词之前

二）不定式常考的考点：

1）不定式做定语----将要发生

2）不定式做状语----目的

3）不定式充当名词功能---To  see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词  see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+  do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；

+  doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I  saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调”我看见了“这个事实)

I  saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调”我见他正干活“这个动作）

”  感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2)  使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to

I  'd like to have John do it.

I  have my package weighed.

Paul  doesn't have to be made to learn.

3)  help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，  offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do,  enable sb to do

force  sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be  ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We  agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET

1995）

A．having  met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C）

五)  有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom  (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to;  object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to;  be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated  to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

二.  动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词  seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语  starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式：I  don't like you smoking.

完成形式：I  regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式：This  question is far from being settled.

二)  动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I  would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992）

A．you  to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）

I  regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit;  appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest;  discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain;  fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves;  keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone;  practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest;  understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：

it's  no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's  worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing  worse than; what's the use/point...

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1．  主谓一致（与插入语无关）

1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致：

3随前一致：

n.  + together with n2

as  well as

including

along  with

with  / of

accompanied  with / by

4就近原则：n1  or n2 +v（就近原则）

either  n1 or n2

5可数n1  and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1  and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外：war  and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The  iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The  head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The  head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有：law  and order bread and

butter  black and white

To  love and to be loved is …

A  lawyer and a teacher are…

A  lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则：not  A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构：most  , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.（由n1决定

8倒装结构的主谓一致：

a）There  be +n 由名词决定动词

b）Among  , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：

Among  / Between …+系动词+n. （由名词决定动词）

9The+adj的主谓一致：

a）当表示“一类人”，

b）当表示某一抽象概念时

The  good is always attractive.

10  To do/doing/主从+vs

More  than one+n

many  a +n.

a  day or two

高中英语怎么学

学英语首先要喜欢英语，其次是掌握最基础的英语语法，第三是背会单词、多背课文，最后是学以致用。当然，学英语还需要多做题、从听说读写等方面来提高自己的英语水平。

如果一个人对英语学习产生了兴趣，那么会不自觉的花费更多的时间去学习，学起来也会更有动力，往往比别人学英语的劲头更足、效果更好。当遇到不会的问题时，也会主动去研究。

英语语法并不多，难度也不大，只要认真去学都能学会。语法是最基本的知识，也是学好英语的基础，把一些易混语法知识点放在一起对比学习往往能起到绝佳的效果。学语法时不要得过且过，叫不准的地方就要拿出咬文嚼字的精神去学会它。

英语单词是必须要背会的，尤其是初高中单词一定要掌握，因为考试时会考到。英语单词不光要背会，还要知道怎么用，知道在阅读中是什么意思，这对做阅读理解很有帮助。背单词有很多技巧，大家无论用什么方法，只要能把单词学会就是好方法。

背课文也是提高英语成绩的一个好办法，因为在做题过程中语感很重要，背英语文章能培养同学们英语思维，中小学学生背课文对提高英语成绩效果非常好。

学英语的最终目的是提高分数和能力，那么学英语就要学以致用，所以边学英语边用英语交流是最好的方式，如果有条件可以办英语角活动，没有条件可以在课堂上积极回答问题，课下多与同学用英语交流。此外，学英语需要多做练习、多思考、多总结。

英语句子摘抄

Man is not much beside the great birds and  bxxxts.

------Hemingway, The Old Man and the  Sea

比起那些伟大的鸟兽来,人算不了什麼.

------海明威

Pain does not matter to a man.

------Hemingway, The Old Man and the  Sea

对男子汉而言,痛苦算不了什麼.

------海明威

There are more things to admire in men than to  despise.

------Camus, The plague

人之可称赞之点,多於其可鄙视之处.

------卡缪

What interests me is living and dying for what  one loves.

------Camus, The plague

我感到兴趣的是:为所爱而生,为所爱而死.

------卡缪

If there is one thing one can always yearn for  and sometimes attain, it is human love.

------Camus, The plague

如果有一件人可以永远渴望,而且有时能够得到的东西,那就是人类的爱.

------卡缪

I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend  to the death your right to say it.

------Voltaire

我不赞成你的意见,但我誓死保卫你的发言权.

------伏尔泰

Laugh, and the world laughs with you; Weep, and  you weep alone.

------Stevenson, “Solitude”

欢笑,世界与欢笑;哭泣,你自己一个人哭泣.

------史蒂文生,

Anyone can carry his burden, however hard, until  nightfall. Anyone can do his work, however hard, for one day.

------Stevenson

不论肩上的担子如何沉重,总能负担到日暮时分.不论工作如何艰辛,总可以支撑著做一整天.

------史蒂文生

People ask you for criticism, but they only want  praise.

------Maugham, Of Human Bondage

人们请你批评,但他们要的却是赞美.

------毛姆,

If a nation values anything more than freedom,  it will lose its freedom; and the irony of it is that if it is comfort or money  it values more, it will lose that too.

------Maugham

如果国家对任何事的评估高於自由,它会丧失自由;讽刺的是,如果它评估高的是安逸或金钱,它也会丧失安逸或金钱.

------毛姆

英语语法总结归纳 第11篇

一、动名词作主语

1. 一般置于句首：

Reading xxxlish is xxxier than speaking it.

2. 有时也可以用it作形式主语，而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。 It will be nice seeing them again.

这类句子结构常见的还有：

1) It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk.

2) It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first success. 3) Is it any good…? Is it any good trying to exp1ain? 4) It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it. 3. 动名词还可以在There is no„句子结构中做主语： There is no asking him to come is busy.

这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语，其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do„

二、动名词作表语

连系动词常与动名词连用，一起构成复合谓语：

Our task is building China into a powerfu1 modern socialist country. 1. 作动词宾语：

This factory has stopped producing the old type of engine.

必须接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有：consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，excuse，finish， give up，cannot help(禁不住)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，suggest，

三、动名词作宾语

pardon，stop，allow，permit，forbid，appreciate等。

2. 作介词宾语：

在介词后面，常常用动名词作宾语，这样构成的介词短语常用作定语或状语 There are several ways of doing it.(定语) After finishing the experiments， we wrote down the results.(状语) 这样的介词短语间或作表语： I am for putting the meeting off.

须接动名词做介词宾语的成语很多，最常见的有：Insist on, think of dream of hear of

prevent…from, keep…from, stop…from, be engaged in, look forward to，depend on，

thank…for, feel like，excuse…for, aim at, devote…to, set about, spend…(in)，waste…(in),

get/be used to，be fond of be afraid of, be tired of succeed in, be interested in, feel/be ashamed of, be proud of等。

四、动名词的逻辑主语：

动名词之前可以加上一个物主代词、名词的所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词的普通格，来表示这个动名词的逻辑主语。

1. 物主代词+动名词

这种结构可置于句首，也可放在句中或句末，常可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词宾语：

His going there won't do any harm(主语)

Do you think his going there will be of any help? (主语)

What's troubling them is their not having enough food.(表语)

They insisted on my staying there for dinner.(宾语)

2. 名词的所有格+动名词

其用法与“物主代词+动名词”相同：

We all thought Tom's going there a great mistake.

3. 人称代词宾格+动名词(不能放在句首用作主语)He was angry about me not having to

leave early.

4. 名词的普通格+动名词(不能放在句首用作主语)

I don't like young people smoking. 其它情况下的动名词的逻辑主语形式

1) 如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的东西，就只能用普通格。

Is there any hope of your factory winning the game?

2) 如果动名词的逻辑主语是一个较长的名词词组，也只能用普通格：

Did you ever hear of a man of good sense refusing such an order?

There is no chance of that being settled.

I’m sorry. I have no idea of it being midnight. 3) 当动名词的逻辑主语是不定代词、指示代词或指时间的it时，常用其宾格：

五、动名词的否定式

1. 一般式：not doing(主动形式)：not being done(被动形式)

2. 完成式：not having done(主动形式);not having been done(被动形式)

注意：当动名词带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻辑主语后面xxx：his not seeing the film.

六、动名词的完成式

其形式为：(以do为例)having done(主动形式);having been done(被动形式)xxx果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，常用其完成式： He was praised for having completed thirty years of teach.

但是在forget，remember，regret等动词和apologize for，excuse…for，thank…for等成语后， 经常可用动名词的一般式来代替其完成式： I remember posting (=having posted) the letter.

Excuse me for coming (=having come) late 七、动名词的被动式

其形式为：(以do为例)being done(一般式);having been done(完成式)

当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象;当句中的主语逻辑上是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词一般要用被动式(多数情况下用一般被动式代替完成被动式)： They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers. This question is far from being settled.

英语语法总结归纳 第12篇

一.表语从句

1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1)从属连词thatxxx：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2)从属连词xxxther,as,as ifxxx：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。The question is xxxther they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago,but it's as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等xxx：It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 xxxre,xxxn,how,whyxxx：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

解释：1.连词because可引导表语从句xxx：I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略xxx：My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

二.主语从句

1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词thatxxx：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词xxxtherxxx：Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 xxxre,xxxn,how,whyxxx：What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。

三.宾语从句

1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

(1)从属连词thatxxx：He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。

could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。

(1)介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语xxx：He was deeply displxxxed by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。I walked over to xxxre she sat.我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。有时介词可以省略xxx：I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。

(2)从属连词if/xxxtherxxx：I doubt xxxther he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。

(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 xxxre,xxxn,how,whyxxx：Who or what he was,Martin never learned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?xxx本不知道。I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。

四.同位语从句

1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等，关联词多用从属连词thatxxx：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来? Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词xxxther引导xxx：I have no idea xxxther he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。连接代词who,which,what和连接副词xxxre,xxxn,why,how亦可引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We haven't yet settled the question xxxre we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

五.不定式的构成

1.不定式的构成 不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：主动式 被动式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/

1)不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生xxx：They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。

2)不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等xxx：She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已听说过这件事。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.我很抱歉让你等了这么久。I meant to have told you about it,but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。

3)不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分xxx：It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.我们没料到你一直在这儿等我们。

4)不定式的完成进行式 如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示

5)动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成xxx：Try not to be late again next time.尽量下次不要再迟到。He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。

6)疑问词+动词不定式：不定式和疑问词xxxther,what,which,whom,xxxre,xxxn,how,why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain,advise,teach,discuss,find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等xxx：On hearing the news,he didn't know xxxther to laugh or to cry.听到这个消息，他不知道该哭还是该笑。When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。The most important problem is how to get so much money.最重要的事情是如何搞到这么多钱。介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语xxx：Mary gave some advice on how to learn xxxlish.玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道该怎么做。

六.-ing分词的构成

1.不定式的构成 不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)：主动式 被动式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing/完成进行式 to have been doing/

1)不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生xxx：They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。

2)不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等xxx：She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已听说过这件事。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.我很抱歉让你等了这么久。I meant to have told you about it,but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。

3)不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分xxx：It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.我们没料到你一直在这儿等我们。

4)不定式的完成进行式 如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示

5)动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成xxx：Try not to be late again next time.尽量下次不要再迟到。He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。

6)疑问词+动词不定式：不定式和疑问词xxxther,what,which,whom,xxxre,xxxn,how,why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain,advise,teach,discuss,find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等xxx：On hearing the news,he didn't know xxxther to laugh or to cry.听到这个消息，他不知道该哭还是该笑。When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。The most important problem is how to get so much money.最重要的事情是如何搞到这么多钱。介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语xxx：Mary gave some advice on how to learn xxxlish.玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道该怎么做。

英语语法总结归纳 第13篇

动词、名词和形容词在英语里与汉语里有类似，也有区别，不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：

在一个词前面加量词(不定冠词)，“一(个、张等)”，如说得通，一般认为是名词;如果说不通，再把“很”加在词的前面去判断，说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)

1.动词

这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。

(1)行为动词

表示某一动作或行为xxx：walk、love等。

行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，

(2)be动词

a、口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。

b、肯定和否定句My hair is(not) eyes are(not)small.

c、一般疑问句Am I a Chinese?Yes,you aren’ they American?Yes,they aren’ the cat fat?Yes,it isn’t.

我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类：is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中，was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。

(3)情态动词

情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。

我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。

情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)

2.名词

英语中名词有单复数之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词，be动词如果是am、is或was，名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were，名词就加s或es。

这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。

如何加后缀：

a.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags。

b.以结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches

c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries

d.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives

e.不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese

3.形容词(包括副词)

形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。

未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。

两个重要特征：as……as中间一定用原形，有than的时候一定+er。

4.人称代词和物主代词

人称代词物主代词

单数复数单数复数

主格宾格主格宾格形容词性(短)名词性(长)形容词性(短)名词性(长)

第一人称I me we us my mine our ours

第二人称you you you you your yours your yours

第三人称he him they them his his their theirs

she her her hers

it it its its

人称代词：

有主格和宾格之分。

一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。

物主代词：

有两类：形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)

一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无，就用名词性物主代词(长的)。

5.数量词

我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。

6.冠词

有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思，一(个…)，the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于辅音音素前。

•否定句

表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。

有三种可能：be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+not、助动词(do、does、did)+not

如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：

1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+not。

2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+not。

3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+not。

分四个步骤：

(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。

(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有did。

(3)在助动词后加not。

(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。

强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。

•一般疑问句

表示疑问，一般回答只有两种可能Yes，……或No，……句中没有疑问词。

如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：

1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。

2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。

3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：

(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。

(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有did。

(3)把助动词后提到句首。

(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。

强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。

•特殊疑问句

表示疑问，有疑问词(在开头)，回答有很多种可能。

常用疑问词：

What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How

如何对划线部分提问：

1、将原问句翻译为汉语(在读中要将划线部分重读)。

如：His birthday is on the 5th of May.

他的生日在五月五日。

2、用汉语进行提问。

如上句，应该问：他的生日在什么时候?

3、根据汉语将所要提问的句子补充完整。

如上句When is his birthday?

•祈使句

表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。

肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有plxxxe)，否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有plxxxe)。

把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。

•时态

1、一般现在时

(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种xxx：

The children are very happy on Christmas Day.

She often does some housework at the weekend.

(2)一般现在时中的be动词：

一般用原形：am is are

am用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓，如：Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数，如the children、his parents等)。

(3)一般过去时中的动词：

有两种情况：

第一种情况：主语是第三人称单数(he she it和其他，如Helen、her cousin等)，动词后一般加s或es。

第二种情况：主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形。

(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时)：

△be动词是am、is、are

△动词用原形或加s、es

△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间

2、一般过去时

a,一般过去时中的be动词：

was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓，如：Ben、his sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数，如the children、his parents等)。

b,一般过去时中的动词：

一般只有一种情况：+ed

这里强调一点，和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称，也不管是单数和复数都加ed。

3、一般将来时

(1)构成形式：

Be going to+动词原形。

这里强调一点，be动词、going、to以及动词原形共四个单词缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成一般将来时。

(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。

(3)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。

4、现在进行时

(1)构成形式：

Be动词+动词的ing形式

这里强调一点，两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。

(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。

(3)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。

英语语法总结归纳 第14篇

高中英语语法总结归纳

...引导的比较级：

(1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句： He studies as hard as you. 他像你一样学习努力。

(2)在否定句或疑问句中可用 not so…as…. 例句：He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。

引导的倒装句型：only +状语 (或状语从句)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。

例句： Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奋、正直，一个人在生活中才能成功。

注意：但 only修饰主语时，不倒装。例句： Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。

引导的虚拟语气：wish 后面的从句，当表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，其宾语从句的动词形式为：

⑴表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示，be 的过去式用were.

I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)

⑵表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had +过去分词。

I wish (that) I hadn’t wastedso much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。( 实际上已经浪费掉了。)

⑶表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。在这种情况下，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外) 。

I wish it would stop raining. xxx能停止。

注意：若wish 后的宾语从句中用 would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。

例句：I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。

形式宾语：和it 作形式主语一样, 我们常用it 来作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语从句放在句末, 这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。

例句：He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他表明他不会屈服。

比较级，the+比较级表示“越......越......”。

例句：The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill become.我们越害怕困难，困难就会变得越强大。

6. 宾语从句：一般疑问句做宾语，引入if或xxxther

例句： I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?

7. 原因状语从句：since引导的

例句： Don’t eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your health.

8. 否定词前置倒装：scarcely...xxxn...

例句： Scarcely had he arrived at home xxxn it began torain.

9. If虚拟条件句

10. 宾语从句：放在介词后面，作介词的宾语。

例句：I know nothing about him except that he used towork in Shanghai.

11.状语从句省略(分词作状语)：从句的主语和状语从句的主语一致，状从省略采用分词作状语。

例句：(Because) being short of money, we can’t afford a TV set. =Because we are short of money, we can’t afford a TV set.

12.并列句：由and,or , but连接的两个句子成为并列句。

13.省略句 /倒装：so/系动词/助动词/情态动词 +sb 表示“前者情况适用于后者”。

例句：You are a student, so am I.

14.定语从句 who引导的限定性定从。

例句：Do youremember the girl who taught us xxxlish ?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?

15.宾语从句：xxxther的用法。

例句：I wonder if/xxxther it is going to rain tomorrow.

16.不定式做定语。

例句：Theonly way to solve our problems will continue to be rejected.

17.原因状从：now that的用法。now that 表示 “既然”。与 since 的不同之处在于，now that 引出的必须是一个新出现的事实或情况，如果依然如故，和过去相比并没有变化，则不用 now that 引导。

例句：Now that we have all the materials ready, we shouldbegin the new task at once.既然我们把所有材料都准备好了，我们应该立刻开始这项新的工作。

18. 原因状从：for的用法。由because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用并列连词 for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用 for。

例句：He is absent today, because/for he is ill. 他今天没来，因为他生病了。

19. 原因状从：as 的用法。

例句：The Singapore passengers begin to decrxxxe as otherairlines spread their operating range.

20. 同位语从句：Iwant to know the answer to this question who will be our next president.原因状从： in that的用法。

例句：Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that itpromotes competition. 私营化的优点在于能促进相互竞争。

21. 不定式：不定式做目的状语。

例句：Weget up very early to catch the first bus.

22.同位语从句：同位语从句在句中作A同位语，对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。同位语的特点是：抽象名词在前，表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的名词包括： assumption假定/belief看法/ conclusion结论/ doubt怀疑等。

例句：The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in theregion has been discussed. 关于我们应该开发本地区资源的建议已经讨论过了。

23.现在完成时：表示过去延续到现在的动作或状态。具体来说，这种用法是表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例句：An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policemanyelled to her, “Don’t you knowwhat it means xxxn I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years now.” 一个老妇人走到了马路中央，这时，一位交警朝着她嚷道：“我都把手举起来了，你难道还不知道什么意思吗?”老太太说：“我当然知道，我都做了28 年的老师了。”

24. 时间状从：not…until… 用法。

例句：The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.

25. it做形式主语，句子做逻辑主语：如果主语太长，常用代词 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句置于句尾，以保持句式的平衡。

例句：It makes no difference what you read or study ifyou can’t remember it. 如果你记不住，那么你读什么或者学什么都不重要了。

26. 现在分词短语作状语：

(1)现在分词作时间状语。例句：There areseveral things to consider xxxn buying fresh foods. 当购买新鲜食品时，有几个事情要考虑。

(2)现在分词作条件状语。例句：Working hard,you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你将会成功。

(3)现在分词作伴随状语。例句：All night longhe lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。

(4)现在分词作方式状语。例句：Plxxxe answerthe question using another way. 请用另一种方法回答问题。

(5)现在分词作原因状语。例句：Not knowingher address, I can’t write to her.由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。

(6)现在分词作结果状语。例句：Possessing a car gives a much greater degree ofmobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. 拥有汽车使机动程度更高，使xxx自由自在地往来各地。

(7)现在分词作让步状语。例句：Although working from morning till night his fatherdidn’t get enough food.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干，但是还是挣不够吃的。

27. 情态动词表推测

(1)对现在、将来情况的推测，用情态动词+动词原形

对现在、将来情况的肯定推测：must+动词原形

对现在、将来情况的否定推测：can’t +动词原形

对现在、将来情况的可能推测：may/might +动词原形

例句：What is he doing?

He must be sleeping./He can’tbe reading./ He may/might be reading but I’m not sure.

(2)对过去情况的推测，用情态动词+have donesth.

对过去情况的肯定推测：must+have done sth.

对过去情况的否定推测：can’t +have donesth.

对过去情况的可能推测：may/might +have done sth.

例句：It must / may / might / have rained last night. Theground is wet.

The door is locked. He cannot / may ( might ) not havebeen at home.

28. 部分倒装：否定词前置

(1)hardly/scarcely…xxxn…

例句：Hardly had she gone out xxxn a student came tovisit her.她刚一出门，一个学生就来拜访她。

(2)no sooner…than…

例句：No sooner had the game begun than it began to rainheavily.比赛刚一开始就下起了雨。

29. 动词 ing 形式作独立主格结构：逻辑主语和主句主语不一致时采用。

例句：Time permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.(=f time permits, we will go for apicnic tomorrow.) 如果时间允许，我们明天会去野餐。

30. so...as to 结构：表示“如此......以至于......”。

例句：The girl was so excited as to shout herself hoarse.那个女孩兴奋得喊哑了嗓子。

31. even if 引导的让步状语从句：“即使”。

例句： Even if we achieve great success in our work, weshould not be proud.即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩，也不应该自满。

32. xxxn 引导的状语从句

(1)xxxn可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用。

例句：Why do you want a new job xxxn you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的?

xxxn从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。

例句：When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。

When I got to the airport，theguests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。

33. that 引导的宾语从句

名词从句作动词宾语时，前面的that常被省略，特别是在非正式语体中。

例句：I suggested (that) they should drive along thecoast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。

I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。

34. which 引导的主语从句。

例句：Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。

35.过去完成时和过去将来时

(1)过去完成时(past perfect tense)：强调的是过去某一动作或状态发生在另一动作前或过去某个时间常常用到的时态，或指在过去某个时间段已经发生的事情，它就是过去的过去。

①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果，用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。

②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去)，即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。例句： He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。

(2)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, xxx宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”, 而不是时间。例句：I heard that they were going toreturn to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。

36. there be句型：表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be (is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语。例句：There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52个学生。

如何区分join与join in