名词性从句总结 第1篇
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从xxx不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在xxx能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…人们相信……
It is known to all that…从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
名词性从句总结 第2篇
3．表语从句有时也可以用as if, 或because引导。
eg. The girl looks as if she is going to cry.
This is because everything that is worth doing is worth doing well.
注意，用because 引导表语从句，句子的注意一般是it, this, that等，如果用The reason作主语，那么后面的表语从句只能用that引导。
eg. The reason why he is absent today is that he is ill.
名词性从句总结 第3篇
whether/if从句
1、在表语从句和同位语从xxx只能用whether不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时，只能用whether不用if;当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可;discuss后引导宾语从句时，必须用whether。
2、在宾语从xxx：
(1)及物动词后：whether从xxx不能有否定式，宾语从句为否定句时用if;if不能与ornot连用，但可以用whetherornot;whether后可以加不定式。
(2)介词后：只能用whether,不用if。
名词性从句总结 第4篇
B) 在主语从xxx，只有用it 作形式主语时， whether和if 都能引导主语从句， 否则， 也只能用whether。如：
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
It hasn’t been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.
C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如：
It all depends (on) whether they will support us.
D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如：
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
E) 后面紧接or not 时。如：
We didn’t know whether or not
she was ready.
② xxxif， whether均可使用的情况如下：
A) 引导宾语从句。如：
I wonder if (whether) the news is
true or not.
B) 在 “be+形容词” 之后。如：
He was not sure whether (if) it is
right or wrong.
宾语从句要注意的几个问题
? 1. 时态呼应
? 2. 否定转移：
? 3. 形式宾语it的使用
注：在think， believe， suppose， expect 等动词之后，宾语从xxx谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。
I don’t think he will see you.
I don’t believe he will go.
注：在接复合宾语的句子中( S+Vt+O+Oc)， 为了保持句子平衡， 用it 作形式宾语，将从句放于句尾， 常接复合宾语的动词有： make， find， see， hear， feel， think...
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
I think it a pity to waste the food
表语从句的用法
在复合xxx用作表语的从句是表语从句， 引导表语从句的xxx与引导主语从句的xxx大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。
That’s what we should do.
That’s why I want to see you.
1. be， seem， look等动词后均可跟表语从句：
My suggestion is that we should go shopping.
It seems that it is going to rain.
2. as if， because 也可引导表语从句。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
It was because I got up late.
3. 在非正式文体中，引导表语从句的that可以省略。如：
The trouble is (that) he is ill.
注意：在表语从xxx，当reason做主语时， 引导词只能用that，不能用because，如：他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。
The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.
同位语从句
同位语从句一般跟在名词fact， news， promise， truth， belief， thought， idea， answer， information， knowledge， doubt， hope， law， opinion， plan， suggestion后面， 用以说明或解释前面的名词.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.
注： 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别： 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义， 不作从句的任何成分， 而引导定语从句的that 从句的某个成分
He told me the news that our team won the match.
He told me the news that was very exciting.
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.
We are interested in the news that he told us.
2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.
I have no idea where he has gone.
I have no idea when he did it.
I have no idea what he did.
名词性从句总结 第5篇
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其用法复杂,考查面广、量大,是同学们颇感棘手的语法项目,也是历年来高考的重点之一。现在让我们走近名词性从句,剖析其考查热点,探索其命题规律。
一、考查名词性从句的语序
不管主句的语气如何,名词性从句总是使用陈述语序。
[原题再现]
No one can be sure ________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
答案是A。
二、考查it作形式主语的用法
英语中为了使句子保持平衡,常用先行词it代替主语从句,而把主语从句放到句子的后面。
[原题再现]
________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This
C. That D. It
答案是D。
三、考查xxx的正确选用
这是近几年高考的重中之重。解决这一问题可以从以下几点入手:
1.依据“缺什么补什么”的原则确定正确的连词
认真分析句子成分,看从xxx缺什么成分,再根据语境和语义,选用恰当的连词。如果从xxx缺少主语,指人用who,指物则用what;如缺宾语,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺时间状语用when;地点状语用where;原因状语用why;方式状语用how;定语用what或which;如果从xxx什么成分都不缺,用that。例如:
I don't know who will be our English teacher next term.(缺主语,指人用who)
I know what should be done and what shouldn't be done.(缺主语,指物用what)
I'm sure that he will come tomorrow.(什么成分都不缺,用that)
Where he will go is still unknown.(缺地点状语,用where)
I don't know which / what topic I should choose.(缺定语,用what或which)
[原题再现]
-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that ________ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when
C. what D. where
答案是A。
2.注意几组易混连词的使用
1) what与that
这是高考测试的一对热点连词,同学们一定要将其掌握。that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在宾语从xxx外一般不可省略;what引导名词性从句时,除起连接作用外,还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。
[原题再现]
________ he said is true.
A. What B. That
C. Which D. Whether
答案是A。
2) whether与if
whether与if在引导动词的宾语从句时,两者一般可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及作介词宾语的宾语从句或后面直接跟or not时,只能用whether。
[原题再现]
________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
答案是B 。
3) “wh-+ever”与“wh-”“wh-+ever”引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于名词/代词后加一个定语从句;而“wh-”如what, which, who, whom, when, where等除与前一种从句有相同的含义之外,还都有疑问意义。
[原题再现]
① Eat ________ cake you like and leave the others for ________ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever
C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
② ________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
③ It's a matter of ________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
答案分别是C D A。
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句和定语从句都跟在名词后,极易为某些同学混淆。同位语从句是用来对前面的名词解释说明的,而定语从句是用来对先行词加以限制的;引导同位语从句的that在从xxx不作任何成分,而引导定语从句的关系代词that则在定语从xxx担任主语或宾语。
[原题再现]
① Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
② Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
答案分别是DB。第①题是定语从句,第②题是同位语从句。
《名词性从句考点透视》一文,以往届高考试题为例,对该语法项目的考点进行了透彻的分析。请做下面的习题,检测一下自己对此语法项目的掌握情况。
1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ________ .
A. who is he B. who he is C. who are they D. who it is
2. ________ she couldn't understand was ________ fewer and fewer students were interested in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
3. -We haven't heard from Jane for a long time.
- ________ has happened to her?
A. Do you suppose that B. What do you suppose
C. Do you think that D. What you think
4. I don't care ________ she has no money. I care ________ she is honest or not.
A. if; when B. whether; that C. if; whether D. what; if
5. Word came ________ the PLA man approached the child slowly and helped him to safety.
A. since B. so that C. that D. why
6. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe ________ he says.
A. whatever B. no matter what C. how D. which
7. The fact troubles me so much ________ I have been unable to pass the driving test up to now.
A. which B. because C. why D. that
8. See to ________ the children don't catch cold.
A. it what B. it that C. what D. that
9. He, ________ is playing an important part, is well-known to us all.
A. that who B. those who C. who that D. who
10. It matters little ________ a man dies, but ________ matters so much more is ________ he lives.
A. how; what; how B. how; it; how
C. why; it; why D. which; what; that
11. Pointing to the house, he said, “This is ________ I used to live when I was young.”
A. when B. what C. that D. where
12. After ten years, he had changed a lot and looked different from ________ he used to be.
A. why B. which C. what D. who
13. Father made a promise ________ I passed the examination, he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B. if that C. whether D. that if
14. -What about the speech he made this afternoon?
- ________ he said so must be quite encouraging, I think.
A. What B. That C. / D. All
15. There are signs ________ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A. in which B. which C. that D. whose
16. Because they usually receive the same score on standardized exams, there is
often disagreement as to ________ is the better student, Bob or Helen.
A. who B. where C. when D. whose
17. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and ________ more than 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska
18. The boy dived into the water and, after ________ seemed to be a long time, he
came up again.
A. what B. that C. it D. which
19. ________ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on ________ we learn and ________ we learn it.
A. Whether; what; how B. That; whether; why
C. If; how; that D. Why; that; how
20. Although most of them have no doubt ________ he will pass the exam, I still wonder ________ he has really got everything ready.
A. whether; that B. that; whether
C. that; that D. whether; whether
key: 1-5 DABCC 6-10 ADBDA 11-15 DCDBC 16-20 ADAAB
名词性从句总结 第6篇
主语从句
主语从句通常由下列词引导：
1）从属连词that、whether、if等；
2）连接代词what、who、which、whatever、whoever、whom 等；
3)连接副词how、when、where、why 等。
that在xxx无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词都在xxx既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从xxx充当主语的成分。注：whom、who指人，what指物，whatever、whoever表示泛指意义。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It be+ 名词 + that从句
It's a great pity that they didn't get married.
他们没能结婚，真是令人惋惜。
It 's a good thing that you were insured.
你保了险，这可是件好事。
（2）It be + 形容词 + that从句
It's splendid that you passed your exam.
你通过考试了，真棒。
It's strange that there are no lights on.
真奇怪，没有一盏灯是开着的。
（3）It be + 动词的过去分词+ 主语从句
It's said that he has been there many times.
据说他去过那儿很多次。
（4）It +不及物动词+ that 从句[1]
另注意在主语从xxx用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
(5) it seems/happens+that 从句
(6)众所周知的几种表达方式
①It is known to us that.
②As is known to us.
③What is known to us is that.
it引导的强调句结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其它部分。
eg:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.(注意不用when)
强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
宾语从句
名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的xxx与引导主语从句表语从句的xxx大致一样，在xxx可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的.宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句。
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在xxx不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等xxx引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
3.可运用it做形式宾语。
①动词make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置，结构：S.+vt+it+adj./n.+oc(宾语补足语)。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。
I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the get-together.我没去聚餐，感觉非常遗憾。
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it，这类动词主要是：hate,take,owe,have,see to
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的。
He will have it that our plan is really pratical.他认为我们的计划确实可行。
4.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
①whether引导主语从句在句首时；
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。
②宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether；
Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.这是否真实，我也不知道。
③引导表语从句，只能用whether；
The question is whether we can get in touch with her.问题是我们是否能联系上她。
④引导介词宾语时,只能用whether；
His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。
I'm thinking about whether I should quit my present job.我正在考虑我是否应该辞去现 在的工作。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
⑤if与whether都可以与or not连用，但后面紧跟着or not时只能用whether；
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此时只能用whether）
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.（此时则二者都可以用）
⑥后接动词不定式时，用whether；
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？
I can't decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。
⑦用if会引起歧义时，只用whether；
Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义.
⑧whether可引导同位语从句，if不能引导同位语从句。
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
5. 注意宾语从xxx的时态呼应，当主句动词是现 在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。
I know (that) he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）
I know (that) he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）
I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）
I know (that) he has studied English since . （从句用现在完成时）
当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现 在时态。
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
All of us know that the moon moves round the earth.
6. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从xxx，要把上述主xxx的动词变为否定式。即将从xxx的否定形式移到主xxx。
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
表语从句
在复合xxx，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的xxx与引导主语从句的xxx大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if引导。
其基本结构为：主语+ 联系动词+ that从句
引导表语从句，无词义，只起连接作用，不可省。
2.联系动词可为be,look,seem,sound,appear等。
3.主语可为名词fact,truth,cause,question,explanation,trouble,assumption,belief等，代词this,that,these,it等。
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
Raw material is what we are badly in need of.原材料是我们所急需的。
China is not what it used to be.中国已不是过去的中国了。
名词性从句总结 第7篇
名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。根据这些从句的共同特性，名词性从句的连词主要可以分成三类：that, if/ whether和wh-(疑问词)。
1．如果一个陈述句被用来作为另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们一般要用that作为连词。that本身在句子中没有意思，只起连接作用。
eg. 陈述句：Science is developing very fast.
主语从句：It is known to all that science is developing very fast.
表语从句：The fact is that science is developing very fast.
宾语从句：Everyone knows that science is developing very fast.
同位语从句：The fact that science is developing very fast is known to all.
2．如果一个一般疑问句被用来作为另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们要用whether或if作为连词。whether/ if在句子中的意思是“是否”。变成名词性从句后，原来的疑问句的词序要改成陈述句的词序（主语+谓语）。
eg. 一般疑问句：Shall we have a meeting this afternoon?
主语从句：Whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon hasn’t been decided yet.
或：It hasn’t been decided yet whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.
表语从句：The question is whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.
宾语从句：Do you know whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon?
同位语从句：None of us can answer the question of whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.
注意：原来的疑问句词序在从xxx都被改变成陈述句的词序，复合句的标点符号由主句的句型决定。
3．如果一个特殊疑问句被用来作为另一个句子主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们就保留原来的疑问词作为连词，这些疑问词的意思也保留在从xxx。变成名词性从句之后，原来的疑问句的词序要改成陈述句的词序（主语+谓语）
eg. 特殊疑问句：Why did the water become smelly?
主语从句：Why the water became smelly must be found out immediately.
表语从句：The problem is why the water became smelly.
宾语从句：Scientists are trying to find out why the water became smelly.
同位语从句：Scientists are trying to solve the problem of why the water became smelly.
注意：跟由一般疑问句被用来作为名词性从句一样，特殊疑问句作名词性从句时，原来的疑问句词序在从xxx都要改变成陈述句的词序，复合句的标点符号也由主句的句型决定。
此外，还要注意，当特殊疑问句问的主语时，句子的词序就是陈述句的词序，如“Who helped you at that time?”“What happened to him later?”_What’s the matter with you?”_What’s wrong with the computer?”，所以这些句子如充当名词性从句时，词序就不用再变了。
eg. I don’t know what’s wrong with the computer.
名词性从句总结 第8篇
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从xxx不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在xxx能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
主语：that he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：john said that he was leaving for london on wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语：the fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语：the fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：i am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2）that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
it's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. it + be +形容词+ that-从句
it is necessary that… 有必要……
it is important that… 重要的是……
it is obvious that… 很明显……
b. it + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
it is believed that… 人们相信……
it is known to all that… 从所周知……
it has been decided that… 已决定……
c. it + be +名词+ that-从句
it is common knowledge that… ……是常识
it is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
it is a fact that… 事实是……
d. it +不及物动词+ that-分句
it appears that…似乎……
it happens that…碰巧……
it occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
名词性从句总结 第9篇
eg. That she will go with us is certain.
Whether he’s coming doesn’t matter too much.
Who will do the work makes no difference.
Is what he said really true?
It’s very clear that we’ll win this time.
1．连接主语从句的连词that一般不能省略。
2．一般只能用whether，而不用if连接主语从句。
3．主语从句经常可以用it当形式主语，而把从句放到后面。
4．用whoever, whatever, whichever引导的主语从句，与who, what, which引导的从句的比较。
一般来讲，用who, what, which引导的主语从xxx的who, what, which可以看作是原来特殊疑问句的疑问词，而whoever, whatever, whichever则不同，从句并不带疑问意义。试比较下面的例句：
a) Who has been chosen this time is still not clear.
Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.
b) What caused the extinction of the dinosaur greatly puzzled the zoologists.
Whatever has been decided today must be kept secret.
c) Which of the products is the best is quite obvious after the test.
Whichever of them comes in first will receive a prize.
请注意区分用whoever, whatever, whichever引导的名词性从句和状语从句，因为引导名词性从句的whoever, whatever, whichever，不能用no matter who, no matter what, no matter which来替换。
cf. Whatever happened to them will never happen to us again.（主语从句）
Whatever happens to him, he will keep on working.（状语从句）
